FM 3-39.40 Troublesome info you may want to know. Posted as I go through it.

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From the Preface;

Field manual (FM) 3-39.40 is aligned with FM 3-39, the military police keystone FM. FM 3-39.40 provides guidance for commanders and staffs on internment and resettlement (I/R) operations. This manual addresses I/R operations across the spectrum of conflict, specifically the doctrinal paradigm shift from traditional enemy prisoner of war (EPW) operations to the broader and more inclusive requirements of detainee operations.

As part of internment, these populations include U.S. military prisoners, and multiple categories of
detainees (civilian internees [CIs], retained personnel [RP], and enemy combatants), while resettlement operations are focused on multiple categories of dislocated civilians (DCs).

I/R operations include military police support to U.S. military prisoner and detainee operations within operational environments (OEs), ranging from major combat operations to humanitarian-assistance missions in support of a host nation (HN) or civil agency.

Military police are uniquely qualified to perform the full range of I/R operations. They have the requisite skill sets provided through specific training and operational experience. The skills necessary for performing confinement operations for U.S. military prisoners in permanent facilities are directly transferable and adaptable for tactical confinement of U.S. military prisoners and detention of detainees.

This manual recognizes the role of police intelligence operations in I/R operations and enhances the
critical importance of military police and military intelligence interaction at all echelons. It further highlights the long-standing requirement to treat all individuals humanely according to applicable U.S. laws and regulations, international laws, execution orders, fragmentary orders (FRAGOs), and other operationally specific guidelines such as Department of Defense (DOD) policies.

This manual is organized into 10 chapters with 14 appendixes to provide additional
details on I/R topics. Chapters 1 through 3 follow the flow of FM 3-39, and describe the military police function of I/R operations. Chapters 4 through 6 focus primarily on detainee operations, to include planning, preparing, executing, and sustaining all I/R operations. Chapters 7 through 10 focus on the confinement of U.S. military prisoners, rehabilitative programs for U.S. military prisoners and detainees, parole and release or transfer programs, and resettlement operations for DCs.

Chapter 5 provides information on the capture and initial detention and screening of detainees.

Chapter 7 discusses the confinement of U.S. military prisoners, to include battlefield and nonbattlefield confinement.

Chapter 8 provides a discussion of the rehabilitative processes for confined U.S. military prisoners and detainees, to include effective measures that ensure a successful return to society.

Chapter 9 addresses the processes of paroling, transferring, or releasing U.S. military prisoners and
detainees.

Appendix C describes requirements and activities associated with the employment of contractors
during support to detainee operations.

Appendix D describes the intent of the protections given by each of the four Geneva Conventions, the different categories of individuals under these treaties as required by international humanitarian law, and the requirement to establish a tribunal to determine the status of an individual in question.

Appendix H provides guidance for applying the rules for use of force (RUF) and implementing
nonlethal weapons (NLWs) and riot control measures.

Appendix K describes the psychological operations (PSYOP), practices, and procedures to support I/R operations

Appendix M addresses biometrics and military police considerations for their use in I/R operations and facility management.

More to follow

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"Introduction"

The world population will increase from 6 billion to 9 billion in the next two decades, with
95 percent of the growth occurring in the developing world. By 2030, 60 percent of the world’s population will live in urban areas. Coexisting demographically and ethnically, diverse societies will aggressively compete for limited resources.

An adaptive enemy will manipulate populations that are hostile to U.S. intent by instigating mass civil disobedience, directing criminal activity, masking their operations in urban and other complex terrain, maintaining an indistinguishable presence through cultural anonymity, and actively seeking the traditional sanctuary of protected areas as defined by the rules of land warfare. Such actions will facilitate the dispersal of threat forces, negate technological overmatches, and degrade targeting opportunities. Commanders will use technology and conduct police intelligence operations to influence and control populations, evacuate detainees and, conclusively, transition rehabilitative and reconciliation operations to other functional agencies.

Changes not already mentioned above that have directly affected this manual include the—

Development of terms of reference for detainee typology and standardization of procedures for
detainee assessment.
(Note. Recent decisions by the Executive Branch have adjusted the typology in JP 3-63.)
REFERENCE:  Joint Publication 3-63 Detainee Operations (Joint Chiefs of Staff)
http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/dod/jp3_63.pdf                  (Holy Crap!)

Implementation of standardized programs and methods for rehabilitation, reconciliation, and
repatriation of detainees.

Planning, employment, and sustainment of military police capabilities in support of all echelons while conducting I/R operations.

It is the adaptable and professional military police Soldiers of the Military Police Corps Regiment who are most important to the future and must successfully perform their basic skills to accomplish the mission, with or without technology assistance.

More to come.

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Chapter 1

It also explains the diverse nature of I/R populations that military police will encounter and specific requirements for various I/R operations. AR 190-47 stipulates that U.S. military prisoners have additional standards of care given their specific rights as U.S. citizens and will be confined separately from detainees. Specific detainee classifications do not preclude protections granted
according to AR 190-8, DODD 2310.01E, DODD 2311.01E, DODD 3115.09, and the Geneva Conventions. (See JP 3-63 for more information on detainee operations.) (Linked above)

US policies mandate that in addition to US military prisoners, all individuals captured, interned, evacuated, or help by US armed policy applies from the moment they are under the control of U.S. armed forces until they are released, repatriated, or resettled.

U.S. military prisoners will be released via one of following three methods:
1. Prisoners without discharges will be returned to their units for duty or administrative discharge
proceedings after they have completed their sentence to confinement.
2. Prisoner may be paroled (early release with conditions).
3. Prisoners may be under mandatory, supervised release (release at the end of confinement, but
with conditions tantamount to parole).

Personnel categories;

1-8. Key personnel category terms are defined in the following paragraphs. These terms include detainees and their subcategories, U.S. military prisoners, and DCs and their subcategories. For the purposes of this manual, I/R populations refer to detainees, U.S. military prisoners, and DCs.

DETAINEES
1-9. Detainee is a term used to refer to any person captured or otherwise detained by an armed force. (JP 3-63) Detainees may also include enemy combatants (EPWs and members of armed groups), RP, and CIs. (See DODD 2310.01E.) Detainees do not include personnel being held for law enforcement purposes, except where the U.S. is the occupying power.

Civilian Internees
1-10. A CI is a civilian who is interned during armed conflict, occupation, or other military operation for security reasons, for protection, or because he or she committed an offense against the detaining power. (JP 3-63) CIs, unless they have committed acts for which they are considered unlawful combatants, generally qualify for protected status according to the GC, which also establishes procedures that must be observed when depriving such civilians of their liberty. CIs are to be accommodated separately from EPWs and persons deprived of liberty for any other reason.

Enemy Combatants
1-15. An enemy combatant is, in general, a person engaged in hostilities against the United States or its coalition partners during an armed conflict. (JP 3-63) Enemy combatant includes EPWs and members of armed groups.

An enemy prisoner of war is a detained person who, while engaged in combat under orders
of his or her government, was captured by the armed forces of the enemy.


Member of an armed group is a person who engages in or supports acts against the United States or its multinational partners in violation of the laws and customs of war during an armed conflict that do not meet the criteria of a prisoner of war as defined within the
Geneva Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Members of armed groups are not entitled to combatant immunity and will be treated as CIs until, or unless, otherwise directed by competent authorities.

1-17. EPWs are persons defined in the GPW as—

Members of the armed forces of a party to the conflict and members of militias or volunteer corps forming part of such armed forces.

Members of other militias and members of other volunteer corps, including those of organized
resistance movements, belonging to a party to the conflict and operating in or outside their own
territory, even if this territory is occupied, provided that such militias or volunteer corps,
including such organized resistance movements, fulfill the following conditions:

1. That of being commanded by a person responsible for his or her subordinates.
2. That of having a fixed distinctive sign recognizable at a distance.
3. That of carrying arms openly.
4. That of conducting their operations according to the laws and customs of war.

U.S. MILITARY PRISONERS
1-18. A U.S. military prisoner is a person sentenced to confinement or death during a court-martial and ordered into confinement by a competent authority, whether or not the convening authority has approved the sentence. A U.S. military prisoner who is pending trial by court-martial and is placed into confinement by a competent authority is a pretrial prisoner. (See chapter 7.)

DISLOCATED CIVILIANS
1-19. The term dislocated civilian is a broad term that includes a displaced person, an evacuee, an expellee, an internally displaced person, a migrant, a refugee, or a stateless person. (JP 3-57) DCs are individuals who leave their homes for various reasons, such as an armed conflict or a natural disaster, and whose movement and physical presence can hinder military operations.

Displaced person. A displaced person is a civilian who is involuntarily outside the national
boundaries of his or her country.

Evacuee. An evacuee is a civilian removed from a place of residence by military direction for reasons of personal security or the requirements of the military situation. (JP 3-57)

Expellee. An expellee is a civilian outside the boundaries of the country of his or her nationality
or ethnic origin who is being forcibly repatriated to that country or to a third country for political
or other purposes. (JP 3-57)

Internally displaced person. An internally displaced person is any person who has left their residence by reason of real or imagined danger but has not left the territory of their own country. Internally displaced persons may have been forced to flee their homes for the same reasons as refugees, but have not crossed an internationally recognized border.

Migrant. A migrant is a person who (1) belongs to a normally migratory culture who may cross
national boundaries, or (2) has fled his or her native country for economic reasons rather than
fear of political or ethnic persecution. (JP 3-57)

Refugee. A refugee is a person, who by reason of real or imagined danger, has left their home country or country of their nationality and is unwilling or unable to return.

Stateless person. A stateless person is a civilian who has been denationalized or whose country of origin cannot be determined or who cannot establish a right to the nationality claimed.

1-20. If there is any doubt whether personnel captured or detained by the U.S. armed forces belong to any of the detainee categories previously described in paragraph 1-17, and Article 4, GPW, such personnel receive the same treatment to which EPWs are entitled until their status has been determined by a competent military tribunal or some other competent authority.

Note. It is essential to understand the distinction between the terms treatment and status. To treat a detainee as an EPW does not mean that the detainee has the actual status of an EPW as set forth in the Geneva Conventions.

More to come

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ARTICLE 5 TRIBUNALS

An Article 5 tribunal is an administrative hearing that is controlled by a board of officers and determines the actual status of a detainee.

According to AR 190-8 and DOD policies, a competent tribunal will—

Determine the status of any individual who does not appear to be entitled to EPW status, but has
committed a belligerent act or has engaged in hostile activities to aid enemy armed forces and
asserts that he or she is entitled to treatment as an EPW.

Note. A separate system of combatant status review boards have been adopted by laws and
regulations to review the status of members of armed groups designated under approved DOD
procedures. Recent executive decisions may provide further directives regarding the processing
and disposition of this category of personnel. Detainees who have been determined by a
competent tribunal not to be entitled to EPW status will not be executed, imprisoned, or
otherwise penalized without further proceedings to determine what acts they have committed
and what penalty should be imposed. Commanders should notify the combatant command if a U.S. citizen or resident alien has been captured or has requested a tribunal.


U.S. military prisoners confined in a battlefield environment are also entitled to the constitutional
protections afforded to every citizen of the United States.

AGENCIES CONCERNED WITH INTERNMENT AND
RESETTLEMENT
1-40. External involvement in I/R missions is a fact of life for military police organizations. Some
government and government-sponsored entities that may be involved in I/R missions include—
International agencies.
 
UN.
 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).
 International Organization of Migration.

U.S. agencies.
 Local U.S. embassy.
 Department of Homeland Security.
 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).
 Federal Emergency Management Agency.

CIVILIAN ORGANIZATIONS

1-44. Civilian organizations are responsible for a wide range of activities encompassing humanitarian aid; human rights; the protection of minorities, refugees, and displaced persons; legal assistance; medical care; reconstruction of the local infrastructure; agriculture; education; and general project funding.

The two principal types of non-U.S. government civilian organizations are—

IOs. IOs are established by international agreements and operate at the nation-to-nation level.

IOs include the UN, the UN Development Program, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, the UN World Food Program, and the International Medical Corps. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees is a key player in international detainee operations.


Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). NGOs are voluntary organizations that are not
normally funded by governments. They are primarily nonprofit organizations that self-define
their missions and philosophies. This independence from political interests is the key attribute of
NGOs and can be a great benefit in rebuilding relations when political dialog has failed or is not
practicable. They are often highly professional in their field, extremely well motivated, and
prepared to take physical risks in appalling conditions. Examples of NGOs include Save the
Children, Medecins Sans Frontières (Doctors without Borders), Catholic Relief Services, and
Catholic Bishops Council. NGOs are classified as mandated or nonmandated as described
below:

A mandated NGO has been officially recognized by the lead IO in a crisis and is authorized
to work in the affected area. The ICRC is an example of a mandated NGO.

A nonmandated NGO has no official recognition or authorization and, therefore, works as a
private concern. These organizations may be subcontracted by an IO or mandated NGO. In
other cases, they obtain funds from private enterprises and donors. Catholic Relief Services
is an example of a nonmandated NGO.

UNITED NATIONS

1-47. The UN is involved in the entire spectrum of humanitarian-assistance operations, from suffering prevention to relief operations. Typically, UN relief agencies establish independent networks to execute their humanitarian-relief operations. The UN system delegates as much as possible to the agency’s elements located in the field; supervisory and support networks are traced from those field officers back to UN headquarters. Military planners must familiarize themselves with UN objectives so that these objectives are considered in planning and executing military operations. (See appendix E.)

CIVILIAN LEAD AGENCIES

1-50. A civilian lead agency is an agency that has been designated by the appropriate IO to coordinate the activities of the civilian organizations that participate in an operation. It is normally a major UN agency such as the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs. Specific responsibilities of the lead agency include acting as a point of contact for other agencies and coordinating field activities to avoid duplication of effort.

PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS FOR INTERNMENT AND RESETTLEMENT OPERATIONS

1-51. Proper planning before operations commence is vital. It is also essential that commanders recognize that conditions for the proper conduct of I/R operations are historically set in the planning phase of operations. Commanders should establish planning mechanisms that ensure effective consideration of potential detainee, U.S. military prisoner, or DC issues and the development of plans and procedures to respond to these issues as early in the planning process as feasible. Commanders should, address at a minimum—

Medical and dental care. I/R facility commanders must consider a wide range of topics when
planning for medical support, to include a credentialed health care provider to monitor the
general health, nutrition, and cleanliness of detainees, U.S. military prisoners, and DCs
(appendix I). The medical facility must provide isolation wards for persons with communicable
diseases and for immunizations. Special consideration may be necessary for behavioral and dental health support.

Intelligence and interrogation operations. The U.S. armed forces operating the I/R facility
need to plan for human intelligence (HUMINT) collection operations, which require close
cooperation with HUMINT collectors and counterintelligence agents. Further consideration must
be given to ensure that interrogation operations in the facility are conducted according to
applicable U.S. laws and regulations, international laws, operation orders, FRAGOs, and other
operationally specific guidelines (DOD policies).

Public affairs. Public affairs planning requires an understanding of the information needs of
Soldiers, the Army community, and the public in matters relating to I/R operations. In the
interest of national security and the protection of I/R populations from public curiosity, I/R
populations will not be photographed or interviewed by the news media.



END OF CHAPTER 1

More to come

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Chapter 2

SUPPORT TO COMBAT OPERATIONS

2-2. The Army is the DOD executive agent for detainee operations. Additionally, the Army is the DOD
executive agent for the long-term confinement of U.S. military prisoners.

DISPLACED CIVILIAN HANDLING

2-10. Military police units may be required to support the collection and control of DCs. In offensive, defensive, and stability operations many of the fundamentals are similar to that of handling detainees, but the focus is typically different. The handling of DCs is also a mission that may be performed in support of disaster relief or other emergencies within the United States or U.S. territories during civil support operations. As such, local, state and federal agencies are primarily responsible for handling DCs with the U.S. military in a support role. When a state of emergency is declared, the state’s national guard may be called to assist with DCs under the control of the state governor or they may be federalized and conduct operations as federal U.S. military forces. (See Titles 10 and 32, U.S. Code [USC].)

2-11. Military police units performing this mission will likely have a smaller percentage of I/R units, but the expertise of I/R trained personnel will still be critical to mission success.
Military police forces may be critical enablers in providing essential services until
the HN government or other agencies can do so. The effort is typically conducted in conjunction with civilian agencies and in addition to other military police support to U.S. forces. (See chapter 10 for more information on handling DCs.)

SUPPORT TO STABILITY OPERATIONS

2-12. Stability operations are designed to establish a safe and secure environment and to facilitate
reconciliation among local or regional adversaries. Stability operations can also establish political, legal, social, and economic institutions and support the transition to legitimate local government.

2-13. The primary tasks are discussed in detail in FM 3-07. Various stability operations may require
focused internment operations, resettlement operations, or both; but one or the other will typically be predominant.

2-14. I/R operations in support of stability operations may become enduring and assume many of the characteristics of large-scale, maximum security prison operations that are typically found in the international civilian sector. Long-term custody and control requirements are often augmented with structured rehabilitative and reconciliation programs, increased access to medical treatment, and visitation opportunities concluding with some form of guarantor or sponsor-based release or supervised system.

Military police may be tasked with detaining, interning, and confining enemy combatants, members of the armed forces, or civilians anywhere along the spectrum of conflict.

2-18. During stability, the nature of the threat can often inhibit the ability of friendly forces to differentiate between a hostile act and hostile intent or between insurgents and innocents within the civilian community. For this reason, military commanders and forces must have the authority to detain civilians and an acceptable framework to confine, intern, and eventually release them back into the OE.

Note. Resettlement conducted as a part of civil support operations will always be conducted in
support of another lead agency (Federal Emergency Management Agency, Department of
Homeland Security).

RESETTLEMENT OPERATIONS RESULTING FROM POPULATION AND RESOURCE CONTROL

2-37. Population and resource control denies adversaries or insurgents access to the general population and resources and prevents incidental civilian activity from interfering with military operations. Military police units support local commanders and often assist CA personnel in planning and conducting population and resource control programs employed during all military operations. This assistance may consist of training HN police and penal agencies and staffs, conducting law and order operations, enforcing curfews and movement restrictions, resettling DCs, conducting licensing operations, controlling rations, enforcing regulations, implementing amnesty programs, inspecting facilities, and guarding humanitarian-assistance distributions.

2-38. Military police units also assist, direct, or deny DCs the use of main supply routes as they move to resettlement camps where they are cared for and while NGOs often work to coordinate their relocation. Military police I/R units are specifically trained to provide care and shelter for DCs.

SUPPORT TO CIVIL SUPPORT OPERATIONS

2-39. Civil support is the DOD support to U.S. civil authorities for domestic emergencies, and fordesignated law enforcement and other activities. (JP 3-28) Civil support includes operations that address the consequences of natural or man-made disasters, accidents, terrorist attacks and incidents in the U.S. and its territories.

2-40. The I/R tasks performed in support of civil support operations are similar to those during combat operations, but the techniques and procedures are modified based on the special OE associated with operating within U.S. territory and according to the categories of individuals (primarily DCs) to be housed in I/R facilities. During long-term I/R operations, state and federal agencies will operate within and around I/R facilities within the scope of their capabilities and identified role. Military police commanders must closely coordinate and synchronize their efforts with them especially in cases where civil authority and capabilities have broken down or been destroyed.

All TIFs (theater internment facility) and SIFs (strategic internment facility) are operated under military police C2 (command and control), with augmentation and support of many of the military disciplines. The decision may be made to establish a TIF or SIF outside the theater of operations that is not under the authority of a theater commander.

End of Chapter 2
More to come.

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Chapter 3

Command and Staff Roles and Responsibilities

I/R operations consist of complex measures that are necessary to guard, protect, assist, and account for individuals who are captured, detained, confined, or evacuated from their homes.

They will also perform some or all of these when dealing with DCs, depending on the specific nature of the situation (to include whether they are U.S. citizens).

 3-2. The TDRC is a modular organization that is comprised of 32 personnel who are capable of deploying as a full organization in major combat operations as a team or a combination of up to 4 teams to support small-scale operations. It functions as the field operations agency for the CONUS-based NDRC. It is the central agency responsible for maintaining information on detainees and their personal property within an assigned theater of operations or in CONUS. (Contiguous United States)

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

3-5. A clear understanding of the roles and responsibilities of each organization, agency, and
corresponding primary positions of responsibility is essential to effective mission execution. The following are categories of I/R populations and the various commanders and staffs or multifunctional agencies that are involved in the support of I/R operations:

Detainees. The Army is the DOD executive agent for detainee operations.

U.S. military prisoners. The Army is the DOD executive agent for long-term confinement of
U.S. military prisoners.

DCs. DCs are kept separate from detainees and U.S. military prisoners. DCs are controlled to prevent interference with military operations and to protect them from combat. DCs may also require assistance during natural or man-made disasters and subsequent humanitarian-assistance missions. The Department of Homeland Security, Secretary of Defense, Secretary of the Army, and UN High Commissioner for Refugees, along with their respective support staffs, are involved in resettlement operations to support and protect DCs.

SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

3-6. The Secretary of Defense has overall responsibility for matters relating to detainees or DCs.

SECRETARY OF THE ARMY

3-7. The Secretary of the Army is designated as the DOD executive agent for the DOD detainee program

COMBATANT, TASK FORCE, AND JOINT TASK FORCE COMMANDERS

3-11. Combatant, task force, and joint task force commanders have the overall responsibility for I/R operations and contingency plans in their area of responsibility.

COMMANDER, DETAINEE OPERATIONS

3-12. The CDO is typically responsible for all detention facility and interrogation operations in the joint operations area.

DETENTION FACILITY COMMANDER

3-13. The detention facility commander is the commander for an individual detention facility.

JOINT INTERROGATION AND DEBRIEFING CENTER COMMANDER/MILITARY INTELLIGENCE BATTALION

3-19. The JIDC commander is responsible for matters relating to interrogations, intelligence collection and reporting, and interaction with other agencies involved in the intelligence and/or evidence-gathering process.

MILITARY POLICE ORGANIZATIONS IN SUPPORT OF INTERNMENT AND RESETTLEMENT OPERATIONS

3-25. The type and quantity of units conducting I/R operations vary from echelon to echelon based on mission variables, higher directives, and the scope and nature of the mission. The types of military police units that may be involved in I/R operations are discussed in the following paragraphs. (See appendix B and FM 3-39.)

MILITARY POLICE COMMAND

3-26. The MPC is a theater level organization that is responsible for military police functions performed at echelons above corps.

MILITARY POLICE BRIGADE

3-27. Military police brigades are task-organized under an MPC or under a division or corps headquarters. Military police brigades provide C2 to two to five military police battalions that are performing military police functions, to include I/R operations.

MILITARY POLICE BATTALIONS

3-28. There are three categories of battalions within the Military Police Corps Regiment that are involved with I/R operations—military police, I/R, and CID—and each type of battalion has a specific role.

1. Military police battalions, with the appropriate organizational augmentation, can provide C2 (command and control) for short- and long-term I/R operations.

2. I/R battalions are specifically designed to establish and provide C2 for long-term I/R operations.
I/R battalions are normally employed at the TIF (theater internment facility) level or higher, with the I/R battalion commander serving as the TIF commander.

3. CID battalions, provide C2 for criminal investigations of felony crimes according to AR 195-2,
including those associated with I/R operations. It has a supporting, rather than primary, role in
I/R operations.

STAFF JUDGE ADVOCATE

3-43. The SJA provides operational law advice and support for I/R operations (particularly the
interpretation of the Geneva Conventions), to include the application of force in quelling riots and other disturbances.

3-44. The SJA provides technical advice and assistance pertaining to detainee labor policy as it relates to supporting local indigenous requirements that do not directly advance the war effort. The SJA ensures that the policy complies with all treaties and conventions.

PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS OFFICER

3-55. The PSYOP officer in charge of supporting I/R operations serves as the special staff officer
responsible for PSYOP. The PSYOP officer advises the military police commander on the psychological impact of military police or MI actions to prevent misunderstandings and disturbances by detainees and DCs. The supporting I/R PSYOP team has two missions that reduce the need to divert military police assets to maintain security in the I/R facility. (See appendix J.) The team—

1.  Assists the military police force in controlling detainees and DCs.
2. Introduces detainees or DCs to U.S. and multinational policy.

3-56. The PSYOP team also supports the military police custodial mission in the I/R facility. The team—

1. Develops PSYOP products that are designed to pacify and acclimate detainees or DCs to accept U.S. I/R facility authority and regulations.
2.  Gains the cooperation of detainees or DCs to reduce the number of guards needed.
3. Identifies malcontents, trained agitators, and political leaders within the facility who may try to
organize resistance or create disturbances.
4.  Develops and executes indoctrination programs to reduce or remove antagonistic attitudes.
5. Identifies political activists.
6. Provides loudspeaker support (such as administrative announcements and facility instructions
when necessary).
7. Helps the military police commander control detainee and DC populations during emergencies.
8. Plans and executes a PSYOP program that produces an understanding and appreciation of U.S.

COUNTERINTELLIGENCE AGENTS

3-59. Counterintelligence agents may be attached or in direct support of a mission to an I/R battalion or military police brigade to assist the facility commander with intelligence requirements for the facility and surrounding area and to ensure the safety and security of personnel operating in and around the facility.

3-60. Such responsibilities may include—

1. Identification of detainee agitators, leaders, and their followers.
2. Identification of existing clandestine detainee organizations, ...
3. Identification of existing underground communications systems—
4. Identification of suspicious activities by local people near the internment facility (such as
photographing or sketching the facility).
5. Identification of the existence of fabricated weapons, stores of food, and supplies of clothing in
the compound.
6. Identification of plans by detainees to conduct demonstrations
7. Identification of detainee objectives, propaganda, and attempts to weaken or test internment
facility authority and security, establish control in individual compounds, and orchestrate mass
escapes.

End of Chapter 3

More to come
policies and actions.

[FreeinTX]

Chapter 4

Capture, Initial Detention, and Screening

REFRESHER FROM BEFORE

DETAINEES
1-9. Detainee is a term used to refer to any person captured or otherwise detained by an armed force.(JP 3-63) Detainees may also include enemy combatants (EPWs and members of armed groups), RP, and CIs. (See DODD 2310.01E.) Detainees do not include personnel being held for law enforcement purposes, except where the U.S. is the occupying power.

Back to Chapter 4

All detainees will be treated according to the GPW (Geneva Convention "prisoner of war") and GC (Geneva Convention "civillian during time of war") unless directed otherwise by competent authority. The presumptive status of a detainee (until determined otherwise by a tribunal or combatant commander guidance) from the POC (point of capture) to the detention facility is EPW. (Enemy Prison of War)

While not directly translatable to dealing with DCs (Detained Civilians), the basic framework of detainee capture, initial detention, and screening has applicability in resettlement operations.

DETAINEE FLOW

4-1. Detainee operations are the range of actions taken by U.S. armed forces, beginning at the POC; through movement to a DCP (detainee collection point), DHA (detainee holding area), or fixed internment facility, until their transfer, release, or repatriation. All Soldiers participating in military operations must be prepared to process detainees.

4-3. Military police are responsible for receiving, securing, processing, and interning detainees and
operating a DCP, DHA, TIF, and SIF. Detainees are normally evacuated from the POC to a DCP, DHA, or TIF (theater internment facility); however, this flow may be modified to meet intelligence collection and medical treatment requirements.

See figure 4-1 detainee flow

4-4 At the POC (point of capture), the person responsible for the detainee operations might be a team or squad leader.

The capturing unit typically releases detainees to the custody of the military police operating the DCP (detention collection point). 

High value detainees are typically taken directly from the POC to the TIF (theater internment facility)

4-5 The DCP is austere.  It may be relocated based on operational needs and normally consists of detention, interrogation, and medical operations.

4-7 Soldiers who provide medical support or conduct interrogation operations may not be present at all times.

DIVISION ECHELON

4-9 The senior military police commander, in coordination with the division PM and G-2, advises the division commander on detainee operations and recommends local policy and procedures for the division commander’s approval and publication.

4-10 The division PM, SJA, and G-2 advise the division commander on all aspects of detainee operations and recommend local policy and procedures for the division commander’s approval and
publication.

4-11. The military police company commander who is assigned the DHA mission serves as the DHA
commander and exercises tactical control over personnel and units not assigned while they are operating within the DHA.

The MI unit is responsible for conducting interrogations. It also prioritizes effort (through technical direction from higher headquarters), conducts other intelligence operations, ensures the proper use of doctrinal approaches and techniques, and provides technical guidance for interrogation activities.

Once transportation is available and MI personnel have completed interrogating detainees at the division level, the detainees are evacuated to the TIF.

ECHELONS ABOVE DIVISION

4-12. The theater level will typically include one or more TIFs that are centrally or regionally located.

4-16. The MI (military intelligence) unit is responsible for conducting interrogations, prioritizing the interrogation effort through technical direction from its intelligence chain, and conducting other intelligence operations to ensure the proper use of doctrinal approaches and techniques and for providing technical guidance for interrogation activities.

DETAINEE PROCESSING

4-17. Detainee processing begins when U.S. armed forces capture an individual.

4-18. Detainee processing starts at the POC, continues at the DCP and DHA, and is completed at the TIF.

See Table 4-1

4-19. Processing is not bound by a traditional linear-time model or specific time constraints.

Regardless of where they are evacuated from, they will continue to be processed until complete.

4-20. The goal is to efficiently move detainees through processing. However, at each point between the POC and TIF, leaders must make a deliberate decision whether to retain and evacuate detainees to the next level or release them. The decision to retain or release detainees must be made based on an assessment of the circumstances of the detainee’s capture, their intelligence value, and/or evidence that they committed a crime and on additional direction from the chain of command.

POINT OF CAPTURE

4-21. Detainees pose significant operational risks that can hinder mission success in numerous ways.

Detainees must be disarmed and secured to ensure that no further harm can be
inflicted on them or U.S. armed forces. Noncompliant detainees require greater control measures that may become resource-intensive. It is critical that all Soldiers involved in combat operations receive training on detainee operations (to include detainee treatment) and procedures conducted at the POC.

4-22. Upon capturing detainees, Soldiers must monitor and control their emotions and monitor those of fellow Soldiers.

4-31. The capturing unit may perform tactical questioning. Tactical questioning is considered direct questioning (by DOD personnel) of a captured or detained person to obtain time-sensitive tactical intelligence (at or near the POC) that is consistent with applicable laws.

DETAINEE PROCESSING TECHNIQUE

4-33. Upon capture, Soldiers must process detainees using the “search, silence, segregate, speed,
safeguard, and tag (5 Ss and T)” technique.

Search. Neutralize a detainee and confiscate weapons, personal items, and items of potential
intelligence and/or evidentiary value.

Silence. Prevent detainees from communicating with one another or making audible clamor such
as chanting, singing, or praying. Silence uncooperative detainees by muffling them with a soft, clean cloth tied around their mouths and fastened at the backs of their heads. Do not use duct tape or other adhesives, place a cloth or either objects inside the mouth, or apply physical force to silence detainees.

Segregate. Segregate detainees according to policy and SOPs (segregation requirements differ
from operation to operation). The ability to segregate detainees may be limited by the
availability of manpower and resources at the POC. At a minimum, try to segregate detainees by
grade, gender, age (keeping adults from juveniles and small children with mothers), and security
risk. MI and military police personnel can provide additional guidance and support in
determining the appropriate segregation criteria.

Speed. Quickly move detainees from the continuing risks associated with other combatants or
sympathizers who may still be in the area of capture. If there are more detainees than the
Soldiers can control, call for additional support, search the detainees, and hold them in place
until reinforcements arrive.

Safeguard. Protect detainees and ensure the custody and integrity of all confiscated items.
Soldiers must safeguard detainees from combat risk, harm caused by other detainees, and
improper treatment or care. Report all injuries. Correct and report violations of U.S. military
policy that occur while safeguarding detainees. Acts and/or omissions that constitute inhumane
treatment are violations of the law of war and, as such, must be corrected immediately. Simply
reporting violations is insufficient. If a violation is ongoing, a Soldier has an obligation to stop
the violation and report it.

Tag. Ensure that each detainee is tagged using DD Form 2745. Confiscated equipment, personal
items, and evidence will be linked to the detainee using the DD Form 2745 number. When a DA
Form 4137 is used to document confiscated items, it will be linked to the detainee by annotating
the DD Form 2745 control number on the form.

Personal items such as diaries, letters from home, and family pictures may be taken by the MI teams for review but are later returned to the military police so that they can be returned to their owners.

End of Chapter 4

More to come

[FreeinTX]

Chapter 5

Detainee Operations

Combat operations and stability operations in the war on terrorism continue to result
in the detention of criminals, combatants, and civilians as military forces seek to
support emerging democracies, mitigate the threat from terrorists, and quell
insurgencies. A common lesson is the requirement to prepare for and conduct
detainee operations as an integral part of full spectrum operations. Modern military
actions, whether in a contiguous or noncontiguous environment characteristic of the war on terrorism, result in the capture of many and varied detainees. The war-on terrorism detainee differs significantly from traditional EPWs of past conflicts and presents a potentially different and greater type of security threat during processing, escorting, and handling.

5-4. A military police commissioned officer should serve as the officer in charge of all U.S. DCPs unless no military police officer is available due to the operational situation.

INTELLIGENCE AND INTERROGATION

5-10. Collecting intelligence from detainees will support intelligence operations and be valuable to
operational success. It is critical to plan for adequate HUMINT collectors to interrogate detainees and meet intelligence and other information requirements. Interrogations may occur at all echelons (POC to the TIF/SIF). At the TIF/SIF, interrogations will normally occur at a colocated JIDC. Only qualified HUMINT personnel who have been trained and certified to perform interrogations will interrogate detainees.

5-17. Military police and MI personnel have associations with detainees, but each has different roles and responsibilities. According to U.S. policy, military police provide custodial care (to include subsistence, hygiene facilities, and accountability procedures), internment security, detainee escorts, and facility protection. MI personnel perform interrogation operations by using approved interrogation techniques. (See FM 2-22.3.)

See Table 5-1

5-20. Military police work closely with MI interrogation teams at the DCP to determine if detainees and their equipment and weapons are of intelligence value.

5-23. Non-DOD personnel will coordinate with the military police and MI commander to sign for
detainees that they want to question and will follow the same procedures established for DOD personnel.

5-26. Military police keep records on detainees who appear to be leaders, create disturbances, and
participate in hunger strikes. They observe patterns of behavior or communication within the detainee population that indicate unruly behavior. This type of information can be useful for HUMINT collectors during the interrogation process.

5-28. Military police may provide incentives in support of interrogation operations

5-29. The commander may approve positive incentives at the local level. Any reduction in incentives or privileges must be approved by the first general officer in the detainee operations chain of command. The removal of incentives from detainees undergoing interrogation must be coordinated with the officer in charge of the interrogation element before removing the incentive.

Note. As long as incentives do not violate detainee custody or control or facility security, they
may be used. For example, if MI personnel request that military police provide an incentive to
the detainee (such as specialty food), but the detainee is acting inappropriately, that facility
commander may deny the incentive. This response reduces the impact of reinforcing improper
behavior. Additionally, denying a HUMINT personnel request for positive incentive will be
coordinated with the MI commander and HUMINT personnel. Providing and withdrawing
incentives does not affect the standards of humane treatment.

5-32. Medical personnel are required to identify, treat, and document existing medical conditions and injuries of detainees. Distinguishing scars, marks, and tattoos will be documented by medical personnel and entered into the Detainee Reporting System by the facility Detainee Reporting System operator at theater level facilities for identification purposes.

All medical treatment facilities must provide immunizations for, and isolation of, detainees with communicable diseases.

5-35. All Behavioral Science Consultation Team members are authorized to make psychological
assessments of the character, personality, social interactions, and other behavioral characteristics of interrogation subjects and to advise authorized personnel performing lawful interrogations regarding such assessments. Those who provide such advice may not provide medical care for detainees, except in an emergency when another health care provider cannot respond adequately.

5-37. Military police also provide behavioral control. Any detainee who fails to follow orders or rules can be disciplined appropriately by military police.

5-41. Medical personnel will immediately report allegations or suspicions of abuse to military police or CID personnel, but will not conduct investigations.

MAIL AND CORRESPONDENCE

5-44. Detainees may be permitted to send and receive correspondence. They may also address complaints (in writing) to U.S. military authorities and the protecting power. CIs may be denied communication rights in cases where absolute military security requires.

Detention facility commanders will designate a U.S. Soldier to supervise the opening of all mail pouches containing incoming letters and cards for detainees. These items will be carefully examined by the U.S. Soldier before delivery to detainees.

The detention facility commander may request that parcels be examined by a censorship element
when considered necessary.

5-50. A censorship policy of detainee mail may be instituted by the theater commander as follows:

Outgoing letters and cards may be examined and read by the detention facility commander or a
designated representative.

Mail will be returned to the sender to rewrite portions that contain obvious deviations from
regulations, and a copy will be provided to the supporting counterintelligence element.

5-51. Letters and cards addressed to persons other than representatives of a protecting power or to U.S. military authorities will not—

Contain complaints or criticism of any governmental agency or official.
Refer to events of capture.
Contain quotations from books or other writings.

Detainees are prohibited from making or receiving telephone calls.

DETAINEE REPRESENTATION

5-54. A limited system of representation will improve communications between U.S. armed forces and the detainees, thus improving control. 

Enlisted detainees may elect an enlisted representative if there is no officer representation.

In officer detainee compounds within internment facilities, one or more advisors are chosen by the interned officers to assist the senior representative.

CIs and detainees with no formal leadership will be authorized to elect a committee of representatives every 6 months or upon the vacancy of a representative position.

Each group of detainees interned in separate internment compounds (because of language, customs, or ideology) may have an elected representative.

5-57. The primary duties of elected detainee representatives are to promote the spiritual, physical, and intellectual well-being of the detainees they represent.

5-58. Representatives should not perform any other work that interferes with their duties as representatives.  Each representative is elected by secret ballot and serves a term of up to 6 months.

5-60. The detention facility commander is designated as the final approval authority for each elected detainee representative.

If the commander dismisses a representative, the detainees are permitted to elect another representative.

Each elected representative may appoint assistants. The assistants are also subject to the approval of the detention facility commander.

VISITATION

5-63. Detainee visitations are a deliberate operation, resource-intensive, and a significant IO builder. The detention facility commander may grant visitation privileges depending upon the detainee’s conduct and disposition while in detention.

Visitors are required to submit to physical searches and biometrics enrollment using the
Biometrics Automated Toolset before they are allowed to move to the next phase of visitation
processing. If a visitor refuses to be searched or fails biometrics enrollment/verification, the
visitor should not be authorized to visit the detainee and should be escorted off the compound by
security personnel. Additionally, if a visitor refuses to complete inprocessing requirements, the
visitation staff records it.

5-90. The physical construction of the DCP, DHA, or TIF and the presence of guard personnel create the most obvious means of providing security, internally and externally. The use of existing structures is ideal for conducting detainee operations.

Note. Blindfolds should be limited to situations requiring operations security. Blindfolds may
include goggles; sleep masks; or a soft, clean cloth fastened around the head.

End of Chapter 5

More tomorrow

[FreeinTX]

Chapter 6

Detainee Facilities

REFRESHER! 
DETAINEES

1-9. Detainee is a term used to refer to any person captured or otherwise detained by an armed force. (JP 3-63) Detainees may also include enemy combatants (EPWs and members of armed groups), RP, and CIs. (See DODD 2310.01E.) Detainees do not include personnel being held for law enforcement purposes, except where the U.S. is the occupying power.

Detainee facilities, an important planning consideration, are treated in the same basic
fashion as any base camps. The same basic planning considerations are taken into
account. Some detainee facilities will be subordinate to a larger base camp but they
may also be at a separate location.

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
6-1. The military police staff should plan the expeditious construction of facility requirements that are considered shortfalls, such as those facilities that cannot be resourced from existing assets.

Expedient construction (rapid construction techniques such as prefabricated buildings or clamshell structures) should also be considered since these methods can be selectively employed with minimum time, cost, and risk.

6-3. The combatant commander determines what facilities are needed to satisfy operational requirements.
Facilities are grouped into six broad categories that emphasize the use of existing assets over new
construction. To the maximum extent possible, facilities or real estate requirements should be met from
these categories in the following order of priority:
1. U.S.-owned, -occupied or -leased facilities (including captured facilities).
2.  U.S.-owned facility substitutes, pre-positioned in the theater.
3.  HN, multinational support where an agreement exists for the HN, multinational nations to
provide specific types and quantities of facilities at specified times, in designated locations.
4.  Facilities available from commercial sources.
5.  U.S.-owned facility substitutes stored in the United States.
6.  Construction of facilities that are considered shortfall after an assessment of the availability of
existing assets.

When selecting a site for a facility, considerations include—
-   Locations where detainee labor can most effectively be used.
-   Potential threats from the internee population to logistics operations in the proposed location.
-   Threat and boldness of guerrilla activity in the area.
-   Attitude of the local civilian population.
-   Classification of internees to be housed at the site.
-   Availability of suitable existing facilities (to avoid unnecessary construction).
-   Distance to work if internees are employed outside the facility.

6-6. Detainee facilities must also include structural features conducive to humane treatment. Features may include—

Tactical questioning or interrogation locations.
Tribunal tent/building.
Visitation area.

6-7 Use local, vacant buildings if this is viable to reduce the requirements for engineer construction materials and personnel.

In the absence of existing structures, tents are the most practical means for housing detainees. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Theater Construction Management System contains basic plans, specifications, and material requirements for detainee facilities based on the anticipated detainee population.

DETAINEE COLLECTION POINT

6-10. DCPs are generally nothing more than a guarded, roped-off (with razor or concertina wire) area or a secured building (see figure 6-2). The capture rate and the number of detainees determine the size of the DCP. The use of existing structures (vacant schools, apartments, warehouses) is encouraged to conserve resources and provide protection for detainees. [size=1wpt]Detainees are treated humanly and as EWP's until their status is determined by DoD policy.[/size]

DETAINEE PROCESSING

6-14. When detainees arrive at the DCP, military police use the following procedures to process them and their possessions:

Search. Searching includes those actions taken to neutralize a detainee and confiscate weapons,
personal items, and items of potential intelligence and/or evidentiary value.

Tag. Tagging ensures that each detainee is properly accounted for using a DD Form 2745.

Report. Reporting the number of detainees helps to accurately determine transportation and
security requirements.

Evacuate. Evacuating detainees moves them from the continuing risks associated with other combatants or sympathizers who may still be in the area of capture.

Segregate. Segregating detainees should be done according to policy and SOPs.

Within the DCP, detainees are further segregated into the following categories:

- Leaders (perceived status and positions of authority).
- Hostile elements (hostile religious, political, ethnic groups).
- Security risks (agitators, radicals, uncooperative detainees).
- Civilian.
- Military.
- Military by grade (officers, NCOs, enlisted).
- Deserters. Those who surrendered from those who resisted capture.
- Minors.
- Females (if possible, keep small children with their mothers).
- Males.
- Groups of CIs, RP, and enemy combatants if known.
- Nationality.
- Suspected criminals.
- Other persons (those not in one of the above categories).

Safeguard. Safeguarding is the obligation to protect detainee safety and ensure the custody and
integrity of confiscated items.

6-16. Military police must not speak to detainees except to give orders or directions. Do not let detainees talk to or signal each other during the processing phase at any echelon. This prevents them from plotting ways to counter security, planning escapes, or orchestrating other undesirable activities. Detainees who refuse to be silent may require a muffle (an item used to prevent speech or outcry without causing injury to the detainee, such as cloth) in certain tactical situations.

6-19. HUMINT collectors use the biometrics automated toolset to collect biometric data for intelligence purposes during screening operations at all echelons when available. While the biometrics automated toolset is not a Detainee Reporting System accountability tool, ....

6-20. While in the DCP, MI units are under tactical control of the military police platoon leader (or
company commander).

The MI unit commander is responsible for conducting interrogation operations (including prioritizing the effort) and controlling the technical aspects of interrogation and other intelligence operations.

They receive technical guidance and priorities from the operational management team or G-2X.

SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS

6-23. The DCP is normally located within the brigade footprint. Therefore, military police should
thoroughly brief the units in the brigade on the location of the DCP and recommended actions to take in the event of a detainee escape. Additional security measures to implement at the DCP include—

- The presence of an enhanced guard force when detainees are inprocessed, outprocessed,
medically examined, and in the custody of HUMINT collectors.
- The use of MWDs (military working dogs) as a show of force and to deter escape attempts.

DETAINEE HOLDING AREA

6-26 Military police, MI (military intelligence), medical, and legal assets (typically colocated) at the DHA should provide tactical interrogation and HUMINT/counterintelligence screening.

6-27 Detainees are treated as EPW's (enemy prisoners of war) until their status is determined by DoD policy.

MI (military intelligence) exploitation continues at the DHA until the detainee is released, moved to a TIF (theater internment facility), or is no longer of any intelligence value.

6-33. Military police operating the DHA have tactical control over HUMINT collectors, medical
personnel, and other personnel who operate inside the DHA and are responsible for the humane treatment, evacuation, custody, and control (reception, processing, administration, internment, and safety) of detainees; security; and the operation of the internment facility.

6-37. MI screeners examine captured documents, equipment, and, in some cases, personal papers (journals, diaries, letters). They look for information that identifies a detainee and the detainee’s organization, mission, and personal background (family, knowledge, experience). The knowledge of a detainee’s physical and emotional status or other information helps screeners determine the detainee’s willingness to cooperate.

6-38. HUMINT collectors at the DHA provide input to assist in the decision to release or detain an
individual.

FIXED DETAINEE INTERNMENT FACILITIES

6-46. Fixed detainee internment facilities include TIF (theater internment facilities) and SIF (strategic internment facilities)  facilities, each of which encompass many regulatory and doctrinal solutions.

Detainees (such as enemy combatants) that hold violent opposing ideologies are interned in separate facilities in an effort to isolate them from the general population and preempt any unforeseen problems. Once they have been assigned to a facility, they may be further segregated because of nationality, language, or other reasons.

INTERNMENT SERIAL NUMBERS

6-52. The ISN is the DOD-mandated identification number used to account for and/or track detainees.

Detainee classification (a two- or three-digit alpha character code representing the detainee’s
classification). Current classifications are CI, RP, and enemy combatants. Enemy combatants are
further divided into EPWs and members of armed groups.

THEATER INTERNMENT FACILITY

6-59. The TIF is a permanent or semipermanent facility (normally located at the theater level) that is capable of holding detainees for extended periods of time.

6-60. The TIF is the first location where detainees may be held for extended periods of time.

6-66. At a minimum, training for operations at a TIF should include the following:

Familiarization with stress management procedures.
Advanced use-of-force criteria for I/R and interrogation operations.
Application of restraints.
Defensive tactics (unarmed self-defense).
Non Lethal Weapons
Forced cell move procedures.
Emergency response to fires, escapes, and disorders.
Cell block operations.
Visitation operations.

Receiving Detainees

6-68. When detainees are delivered to the TIF, they are segregated from those who arrived earlier and those who are partially processed.

6-69. Body cavity searches may be conducted for valid medical reasons or when there is reasonable belief that a security risk is present.

SEE TABLE 6-1

INTERNMENT FACILITY ASSIGNMENT

6-77. The initial classification of a detainee is accomplished during processing and is based on the
statements or identity papers that the detainee provides. Assignment to a specific compound within the internment facility is further based on the assumption that the identity the detainee provided was correct. This provides the basis for assignment to various compounds and the establishment of individual detainee personnel files.

CLASSIFICATION AND REASSIGNMENT

6-78. Once the detainee is assigned to a facility, expect a continuing need for further reclassification and reassignment. 

Agitators, other detainees, or detainee leaders will eventually be uncovered by their
activities. They may then be reclassified according to their new identity or ideology and reassigned to a more appropriate facility. Commanders at detention/internment facilities must conduct Article 5 or civilian internee review tribunals according to the procedures in appendix D.

Multifunctional Boards

6-90. Establish multifunctional boards (according to AR 190-8) to assist the detention facility commander in the decision making process.

Multifunctional boards provide full staff and stakeholder representation to
ensure a comprehensive review, analysis, and assessment of current functions. Boards will normally consist of representatives from all interested stakeholders but, at a minimum, should include military police, MI, legal, and medical representatives. Representatives may also include HN civil authorities, other government agencies, military criminal investigative organizations, and contractors as appropriate.

Multifunctional boards should convene to address a variety of detainee-related functions, to include the following:

- Changes in a detainee’s status (by Article 5 and CI review tribunals).
- Changes in detainee policy and detainee interrogation policy.
- Changes in release, transfer of custody, and repatriation procedures.
- Receipt of detainee complaints, allegations of abuse, and investigations.
- Corrective actions based on facility and operational assessments and inspections.
- Risk assessment, mitigation, and safety programs/plans.
- Review of detainee disciplinary policies and adjudication processes.
- Changes in detainee management/environment (compliance measures, integration of new
facilities).
- Changes in ROE/RUF.
- Integration of approved new technologies and NLWs (nonlethal weapons). (When dealing with detainees, the detention facility commander should thoroughly review appropriate use, assess risks, and provide new equipment training.)
- Establishment of ICRC or protecting power communications (does not preclude mandatory
ICRC reporting according to DOD policy).
- Monitoring and implementing of detainee facility transition plans.

Standing Orders

6-91. Standing orders at a facility are used to provide uniform and orderly administration of the facility. Procedures, rules, and instructions to be obeyed by detainees must be published (in their language), posted where detainees can read and refer to them, and made available to those without access to posted copies.

6-92. Examples of standing orders for detainees may include the following:

- Comply with rules, regulations, and orders. They are necessary for safety, good order, and
discipline.
- Immediately obey all orders from U.S. military personnel. Deliberate disobedience, resistance, or conduct of a mutinous or riotous nature will be dealt with by force.
- Noncompliance or any act of disorder or neglect that is prejudicial to good order or discipline
will result in disciplinary or judicial punishment.
- Do not establish courts or administer punishment over other detainees.
- Do not possess knives, sticks, pieces of metal, or other articles that can be used as a weapon.
- Do not drill or march in military formation for any purpose except as authorized and directed by
the detention facility commander.

CONTROL AND DISCIPLINE

6-95. Military police maintain positive control of detainees under their care.

6-99. If necessary, the military police commander or appointed officer can initiate general court-martial proceedings against detainees using the MCM; UCMJ; and U.S. laws, regulations, and orders in force during the time of their internment.

Do not deliver detainees to civil authorities for an offense unless a member of the U.S. armed
forces would be delivered for committing a similar offense.

6-100. Only the internment facility commander or an appointed designee(s) may order disciplinary
punishment without prejudice to the competence of the courts or higher authority.

Security Precautions

6-113. The following are common places where detainees from different compounds and internment
facilities may use to communicate with each other:

Work details. Guards should maintain an adequate distance between details to preclude the exchange of information between detainees.

Work Detail Security Requirements

6-114. Work details must have sufficient guards to ensure security and prevent escape. Guards must keep a reasonable distance from the work detail and properly position themselves to provide the best observation of the area and work detail. Authorized rest breaks by the guards should be taken separately and while detainees are working.

HUMAN INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT

6-125. At the TIF, HUMINT collectors conduct interrogation operations from within the interrogation area.

Medical and Dental Care

6-128. Commanders must consider the following when establishing medical care for the TIF (see
AR 190-8):

Medical treatment facilities must provide for immunization the isolation of detainees with communicable diseases.

STRATEGIC INTERNMENT FACILITY

6-131. A SIF is a facility, designated by the Secretary of Defense or a designee, with the capability to further detain and/or exploit detainees who hold strategic intelligence or who pose a continuing threat to the U.S. or U.S. interests. Detainees are normally noncompliant and may pose a high security risk to the United States.

Agriculture. Some detainees, depending on their category, may be allowed to raise vegetables
for their own use.

6-136. Article 5 tribunals and enemy combatant review boards are normally conducted at the SIF. These formal processes assist commanders and personnel in DOD with determining whether to release or detain a detainee.

HUMAN INTELLIGENCE SUPPORT

6-137 The intelligence efforts at the SIF focus primarily on intelligence at the highest national security levels.


More to come

[pac522]

This sounds like all the stuff that happened during Katrina and the evacuations to facilities outside the state of Louisiana. It reads almost like they ran those facilities.

[FreeinTX]

Chapter 7

Confinement of U.S. Military Prisoners

Aside from the normal and continuing mission for confinement of U.S. military prisoners at Fort Leavenworth and other permanent locations, there is a requirement to be prepared for confinement outside established facilities.

REFRESHER!!!

U.S. MILITARY PRISONERS

1-18. A U.S. military prisoner is a person sentenced to confinement or death during a court-martial
and ordered into confinement by a competent authority, whether or not the convening authority has approved the sentence. A U.S. military prisoner who is pending trial by court-martial and is placed into confinement by a competent authority is a pretrial prisoner. (See chapter 7.)

PLANNING PROCESS FOR U.S. MILITARY PRISONERS

7-2. Military police plan U.S. military prisoner operations to meet the needs of the combatant
commander. The commander may decide to establish U.S. military prisoner facilities within the theater if the—

- Distance from the theater to confinement facilities outside the continental United States (OCONUS)/CONUS is too great, making the evacuation of prisoners impractical.

7-14. Newly confined prisoners complete training that is designed to explain facility rules and regulations, counseling procedures, UCMJ disciplinary authority and procedures, and work assignment procedures as soon as possible.

CLASSIFICATION
7-15. U.S. military prisoners in an FCF are classified into two categories⎯pretrial and posttrial:
- Pretrial prisoners must be segregated from posttrial prisoners. Pretrial prisoners must be further
segregated, by gender, into the following categories: officers, NCOs, and enlisted. Pretrial
prisoners are individuals who are subject to trial by court-martial and have been ordered by
competent authority into pretrial confinement pending disposition of charges.

- Posttrial prisoners are individuals who are found guilty and sentenced to confinement. Posttrial
prisoners include in-transit prisoners who are evacuated to another facility and prisoners retained
at the FCF during short-term sentences.

USE OF FORCE

7-52. Guidelines on the use of force are incorporated into orders, plans, SOPs, and instructions at FDFs and FCFs. In all circumstances, employ only the minimum amount of force necessary. The use of firearms or other means of deadly force is justified only under conditions of extreme necessity and as a last resort. No person will use physical force against a prisoner except as necessary to defend themselves, prevent an escape, prevent injury to persons or damage to property, quell a disturbance, move an unruly prisoner, or as otherwise authorized in AR 190-47.

7-53. In the event of an imminent group or mass breakout from the FCF or another general disorder, it should be made clear to prisoners that order will be restored, by force if necessary.

If reasoning fails or if the existing situation does not permit reasoning, a direct order will be given to prisoners to terminate the disorder.

ESCAPE

7-54. Each guard is provided with a whistle or another suitable means of audible alarm. Using firearms to prevent an escape is justified only when there is no other reasonable means to prevent escape. (See AR 190-14.)

END OF CHAPTER 7

More to come.

[FreeinTX]

Chapter 8

Rehabilitation of U.S. Military Prisoners and Detainees

The rehabilitation of U.S. military prisoners has long been practiced, but it has only recently become a focus for detainees.

These new detention procedures are based on rehabilitation and reeducation programs for Islamic extremists developed in Singapore and Saudi Arabia and incorporate lessons learned from Abu Ghraib and other recent and historical U.S. involvement with detainee operations.

REHABILITATION

8-2. Detention provides military police with an opportunity for interaction and positive influence on U.S. military prisoners and detainees.

8-3. Detention or imprisonment can be a period of transitory idleness where the U.S. military prisoner or detainee simply endures the period of his internment and contemplates the humiliation or perceived injustice of his condition. Conversely, it can be one of the most productive and auspicious rehabilitative measures that society can provide the individual and his respective society.

8-4. U.S. military prisoners and detainees are afforded selected privileges, such as sending and receiving correspondence or employment opportunities for compensation. The presumption is that U.S. military prisoners and detainees receive these benefits unless the commander determines that a modification of the privileges is required by a violation of camp discipline or (in the case of CIs, unlawful enemy combatants or U.S. military prisoners) for imperative reasons of security.

SECTION I – U.S. MILITARY PRISONERS

PROGRAMS

8-5. All prisoners (unless precluded because of disciplinary, medical, or other reasons determined appropriate by the facility commander) engage in useful employment that is supplemented by appropriate supervision, mental health programs, professional evaluation, education, training, and welfare activities.

EMPLOYMENT

8-15. Another element of the correctional program involves employing U.S. military prisoners. (See
AR 190-47 for more information on U.S. military prisoner employment.)

Nature of work. Prisoners are employed in maintenance and support activities that provide work of a useful, constructive nature ....

Employment activities. Prisoners may be employed in the manufacturing and processing of
equipment, clothing, and other useful products and supplies for DOD activities or other federal
agencies; in agricultural programs; manufacturing; or the preparation of items to meet
institutional or installation needs.

Length of workday. When not engaged in prescribed training or counseling, prisoners are
required to perform a full day of useful, constructive work. In general, prisoners are employed
through a standard 40-hour workweek.

This restriction is not intended to limit the authority of commanders to direct extra work during
emergencies, to prevent the assignment of prisoners to details that normally encompass
weekends, or to prevent prisoners from volunteering for extra work.

Compensation

8-17. Prisoners in a nonpay may be compensated for demonstrating excellence in work, as follows:

Appropriated funds. When authorized by public law or an AR, appropriated funds available to
the Army Corrections System facility may be used to pay prisoners for work performed.

Good conduct time. Good conduct time is accorded each prisoner serving a sentence(s) imposed by a court-martial or other military tribunal for a definite terms of confinement.

Earned-time abatement. Facility commanders can grant earned time as an additional incentive
to prisoners who demonstrate excellence in work, educational, and or vocational training
pursuits.

VOCATIONAL TRAINING AND EDUCATION

8-18. Organized vocational training and academic classes will be conducted at Army Corrections System facilities when resources are available.

Vocational training. Vocational training includes the training in trades, industry, business, and
other vocations designed to assist prisoners in pursuing employment in private industry upon
release.

Academic vocational programs. Prisoners may be permitted to pursue other nonmilitary
correspondence courses at no expense to the Army. They may also be required to participate in
formal, vocational training classes and correspondence courses at Army expense.

Apprenticeship Training Program. The Apprenticeship Training Program (in coordination
with the Department of Labor, Bureau of Apprenticeship and Training, and craft labor unions) may be established at Army Corrections System facilities.

Textbook and teaching aids. When applicable, Army publications may be used.

SECTION II – DETAINEES

There are several areas to consider in executing a holistic rehabilitation program, to include—

Education, training, and self-development.

Evaluation and assessment. Factors such as detainee literacy, education, geographical origin, vocational skills, professional skills, military experience, construction skills, and management experience should be considered.

Academic education. After separating detainees by literacy, detainees can receive instruction on a broad range of subjects, with a curriculum coordinated with the HN.

Vocational, occupational, and professional training. As a result of the initial assessment
and evaluation, the detainee may be enrolled in a vocational track.

Religious discussion. Religious discussion programs may be made available upon approval
of the detention facility commander.

Teaming. Detainees may break up into small groups or teams. This will allow detainees the
opportunity for social development, integration, and exposure to the perspectives of others.  The team will be the detention facility’s unit and do everything together. 

Recreation. Detention facility commanders establish policies and procedures and implement a
comprehensive recreational program that includes leisure activities and outdoor exercise. One
example of this may be organized soccer matches to allow physical activity and team building
for detainees.

Leadership visibility. Senior leader should make frequent appearances.

Information operations. Robust information operations, to include police engagement
strategies, may be implemented within, and associated with, the detention system. These operations should target the detainees, detention staff, local community, and society at large.

8-41. Religious discussion groups may also be offered to detainees as a program to educate them on specific aspects of their religion. The program should be taught by vetted religious leaders of the same religious affiliation as the detainees.

The program may be valuable in curbing extreme fanaticism that may be a catalyst for violence within the detainees’ world view.

RELIGIOUS DISCUSSION GROUPS

8-43. The detention facility commander may approve religious discussion groups within the facility. The goal for religious groups is to provide religious support to detainees and moderate extremists within the facility. This is above and beyond the standard clerical support that is required and provided in the course of normal detention operations. Clerical leaders who are chosen to participate must be carefully vetted and are typically selected from moderate elements of their respective religions.

8-44. Extremists participating in religious discussion groups may be tempered by the more moderate philosophy and reinforced by socialization with other more moderate detainees.

The detention system may wish to implement instruction in “social intervention” based on HN principles, rather than straight doctrinal dogma.

TEAMING

8-45.  Following initial evaluation and assessment, detainees are placed on an existing team. Just as individuals are segregated upon apprehension for security and information-gathering purposes, the detention population is similarly segregated and recombined in elements that facilitate security and information gathering and shaping of the detainee social network.

8-46. A team established within the detention facility conducts all activities as a group. The team leader serves as the liaison with detention staff and conveys fellow detainees’ sentiments. Teams aid in converting detention into a rehabilitative environment, rather than one that is punitive or idle.

RECREATION

8-47. Many military police express support for physically exhausting activity in detention as a positive outlet for energy that may otherwise be used for counterproductive purposes.  Teams are
cross-sectarian, and military police foster the right messages within this context.

LEADERSHIP VISIBILITY

8-48. Detainees may have a heightened respect for high-ranking officials. Therefore, senior leadership should make frequent appearances throughout the facility. Leadership needs no specific reason to make rounds and conduct random inspections. When senior leadership enforces even the most trivial infraction among the detention staff, it sends a clear message to the detention population that order is to be maintained in the facility.

Behavorial Health Personnel

8-51. All detainees will receive a behavioral health screen when in-processing and before distribution into the general population.  The original completed screen will be placed in the
detainee’s individual medical record.

Detainee Advocates/Liaisons

8-52. Detainee advocates may be used by detention facility commanders to serve as liaisons between detainees and facility leaders.

8-53. Advocates are also responsible for facilitating individual religious worship (such as providing prayer rugs, Qur’ans, Bibles, or other religious literature and accoutrements). They are also involved in scheduling and managing visitation.

Reintegration Facilitators

8-54 Much like a U.S. parole officer, a reintegration facilitator coordinates release and
reintegration functions for detainees.

INFORMATION OPERATIONS

8-57. Robust information operations, to include military police engagement strategies, are implemented within, and associated with, rehabilitation efforts and detention operations in general.

Information operations outside the facility can be conducted to publicize successes and benefits of specific programs. These engagement strategies target detainees, the detention staff, the local community, and society at large. This can be accomplished through personal interaction between detention facility leadership and local representative and leadership, articles in local newspapers, and broadcasts via radio or television.

SPONSORSHIP PROGRAM

8-58.  Sponsors can be used as one of the justice
system’s proxy parole officers, monitoring a released detainee and ensuring that he or she is honoring the terms of release. A recognized sponsorship arrangement can hold all involved accountable and give the justice system added justification for actions it takes against the detainee in case of recidivist conduct.

COMMUNITY CENTERS

8-60. Community centers may be squatted, or rented buildings, that have been made into organized centers for community activities;

8-62. The detention system provides an ideal venue for rehabilitative measures. A converted audience, assimilated into a structured regimen allows society an otherwise elusive opportunity to infuse employable skills and education into a subset of the population that has a great need for attention and validation. Regardless of guilt or innocence, conviction or release, detainees come away from detention or imprisonment better able to contribute positively to their community. American perception is positively altered, and the desire to attack multinational forces is diminished.

Detainees gain valuable knowledge and skills that motivate them to assist military forces once released. Their understanding and appreciation of the current situation is improved, and they are, therefore, better able to secure their neighborhoods and communities.

End of Chapter 8

More to come

[FreeinTX]

Chapter 9

Parole, Transfer, or Release of U.S. Military Prisoners and Detainees

The release of U.S. military prisoners is conducted to foster the safe and appropriate release of military offenders under such terms and conditions that are consistent with the needs of society, the rights of victims, and the rehabilitation of the prisoner. Detainee release is the process of returning a detainee to his country of birth or citizenship or to the POC.

RELEASE OF U.S. MILITARY PRISONERS

9-1. The release of U.S. military prisoners typically involves the completion of a sentence as a result of clemency, parole, or mandatory supervised release.

RELEASE OR TRANSFER OF DETAINEES

9-27. The term "release" has been expanded to include the preparation of detainees for reintegration in a fashion similar to that done for U.S. military prisoners and, to varying degrees of success, in our federal, state, and local prisoners in the United States. (See chapter 8 for more information on detainee rehabilitation.) The material below generally applies to transfers and all general types of release for all categories of detainees.

LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS

9-29. During the conduct of hostilities, the United States and its citizens (to include U.S. armed forces)operating in support of those operations are bound by the law of war, which encompasses all international laws and applicable customary international laws and treaties and international agreements to which the United States is a party. (See DODD 2311.01E and CJCSI 5810.01B.)

9-30.  The Geneva Conventions are the primary references for conducting detainee operations.

DETAINEE CLASSIFICATION

9-31. The initial classification of a detainee may be based on unsupported statements or documentation accompanying the detainee. After a detainee is assigned to a facility, there is a continuing need for further classification. If the detainee’s classification remains in doubt, a tribunal may be convened to determine the detainee’s status. Reclassification may result in the release or reassignment of detainees within the facility or to other facilities.

DETAINEE RELEASE OR TRANSFER TO ESTABLISHED, RECOGNIZED NATIONAL AUTHORITY, MULTINATIONAL FACILITIES, OR INTER-SERVICE AGENCIES

9-34. The permanent or temporary transfer or release of detainees from the custody of U.S. forces to the HN, other multinational forces, or any non-DOD U.S. Government entity requires the approval of the Secretary of Defense or his designee.

detainees who qualify (as a matter of law) as EPWs, RP, CIs, or members of armed groups may only be transferred according to the requirements of applicable U.S. laws and policies and the law of war.

9-35 Unless prohibited by command policies, the immediate release of detainees may be made at the POC (point of capture) based on the decision of the most senior official on the ground.

TRANSFER BETWEEN DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FACILITIES

9-38. Reclassification or other situations may result in a detainee’s transfer.

TRANSFER OR RELEASE MISSION

9-40. For the transfer or release of detainees from within the OA to other detention facilities or for direct release of detainee into the community, the following additional requirements should be met:

9-41. For release from a long-term detention facility, the Secretary of Defense, or his or her designee will (See table 9-1)

DIRECT RELEASE

9-44. For the direct release of a detainee back into the community, the following requirements should be met (see figure 9-1 for reintegration considerations):

TRANSITION OF DETAINEE OPERATIONS TO CIVIL AUTHORITY PENAL SYSTEMS

9-45 Members of armed groups may be transferred to external facilities for strategic intelligence screening or for long-term internment. However, detainees who are suspected or convicted of committing crimes that initially resulted in their internment, or who committed serious crimes while interned, will not be released in the same manner. They may, instead, be tried as criminals in duly established military proceedings or turned over to indigenous civil courts for prosecution and adjudication. It is critical that military police plan for and position detainees for eventual release or transfer to emerging civil authority penal systems.

9-46. The permanent transfer of detainees from the custody of U.S. armed forces to HN (host nation) or other multinational forces requires the approval of the Secretary of Defense or his designee.

9-49. The key objectives of the transition of detainee operations are numerous and complex. Key players within this transition plan include—

- Department of the State officials, to include public diplomacy personnel.
- Department of Justice.
- DOD.
- U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).
- Foreign governments.
- NGOs and international organizations.
- Private contractors.
- Ministry of interior and local justice and police personnel.

End of Chapter 9

More to come.

[FreeinTX]

Chapter 10

Resettlement Operations

Resettlement operations occur across the spectrum of military operations. Such
operations include civil support operations and foreign humanitarian assistance
operations. Events under the category of resettlement operations include relief,
CBRNE, civil laws, and community assistance operations. Military police provide
support to resettlement operations, which include establishing and operating facilities
and supporting CA efforts to ensure that supply routes remain open (mainly linked to
the maneuver and mobility support function) and clear to the maneuver commander.

REFRESHER!!!

2-39. Civil support is the DOD support to U.S. civil authorities for domestic emergencies, and fordesignated law enforcement and other activities. (JP 3-28) Civil support includes operations that address the consequences of natural or man-made disasters, accidents, terrorist attacks and incidents in the U.S. and its territories.

Additional tasks that support resettlement operations (conducted within the law and
order function) include curfew enforcement, movement restrictions, the use of travel
permits and registration cards, proper checkpoint operations, amnesty programs, and
inspections.

Nonmilitary international aid organizations, NGOs, and international humanitarian organizations are the preferred resources used to assist CA forces. However, CA (civil authorities) forces typically depend on other military units, such as military police, to assist with controlling and securing DCs. (dislocated civilian)

OBJECTIVES AND CONSIDERATIONS

10-2. Often, the primary objective of resettlement operations is to minimize civilian interference with military operations,

However, the primary or supporting objectives of resettlement operations may also be to—
- Protect DCs from combat operations.
- Prevent and control the outbreak of disease.
- Relieve human suffering.
- Centralize masses of DCs. (dislocated civilians)

When planning and executing resettlement operations, consider the following actions:

- Coordinate with the Department of State, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs, and HN civil and military authorities to determine the appropriate levels and types of aid
required and available.
- Coordinate with CA units to ensure the use of U.S., HN, international, and other organizations
(UN Children’s Fund, Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere). Receiving assistance
from these organizations capitalizes on their experience and reduces the requirements placed on
U.S. armed forces.
- Apply security restrictions, as required, for DCs. Under international laws, DCs have the right to
freedom of movement; but in the event of a mass influx of DCs, security considerations may
require restrictions.

CIVIL-MILITARY AND RESETTLEMENT OPERATIONS

10-4. Resettlement operations typically require integrated and synchronized civil-military  operations.

CA forces are specially organized, trained, equipped, and suited to perform civil-military operations liaison, to include providing support to resettlement operations, with the varied civil agencies and multinational partners in an operational area.

(CA participation in detainee operations within the United States may have limitations, and the roles they perform in non-U.S. territories will typically be performed by other U.S. governmental agencies in U.S. territories.)

10-5. Civil-military operations are the activities of a commander that establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relations between U.S. armed forces, governmental and nongovernmental civilian organizations and authorities, and the civilian population in a friendly, neutral, or hostile operational area to facilitate military operations and consolidate and achieve U.S. objectives.

RESPONSIBILITIES FOR CIVIL AFFAIRS ACTIVITIES

10-6. The President and the Secretary of Defense develop and promulgate the policy that governs CA activities that U.S. commanders perform (in joint and multinational contexts) due to the politico-military nature and sensitivity of these activities.

10-7. CA planning is based on national military strategy and is consistent with a variety of legal
obligations, such as those provided for in the U.S. Constitution, statutory laws, judicial decisions,
Presidential directives, departmental regulations, and the rules and principles of international laws
(especially those incorporated in treaties and agreements applicable to areas where U.S. armed forces are employed).

When commanders’ operations affect, or are affected by, the indigenous civilian population, resources, government, or other civil institutions or organizations in the operational area, CA forces will be assigned to assist in civil-military operations.

10-9. U.S. Army CA forces are designated as special operations forces. (See Title 10, USC.) All CONUS-based special operations forces are assigned to the U.S. Special Operations Command.

10-15. Civil-military operations (assistant chief of staff, civil affairs operations [G-9]/civil affairs staff officer [S-9]) staff elements are typically embedded within the echelon staffs requiring CA support.

The G-9 has staff planning and oversight to—

- Coordinate all aspects of the relationship between the military force and the civil component in
the environment of the supported commander.
- Minimize civilian interference with operations. This includes monitoring resettlement operation
curfew, and movement restrictions or deconflicting civilian and military activities with due
regard for the safety and rights of refugees and internally displaced persons.
- Support emergency food, shelter, clothing, and fuel for local civilians.
- Support public order and safety applicable to military operations.

CIVIL AFFAIRS ACTIVITIES

10-17. Under the umbrella of civil-military operations, CA forces perform the following activities:

- Foreign nation support.
- Civil-military actions.
- Support to civil administrations.
- Population and resource control.
- Humanitarian assistance.
- Emergency services.

10-18. Military police units may be deployed and employed in support of civil-military operations
anywhere in the world.

10-19. MI units obtain CA-relevant information gathered in interrogations,

10-22. CA forces have the inherent responsibility of population and resource control due to the impact on the civilian population and movement of HN assets and personnel.

10-23. Population control measures include curfews, movement restrictions, travel permits, registration cards, and resettlement operations. Resource control measures include licensing, regulations or guidelines, checkpoints, ration controls, amnesty programs, and facility inspections.

Resettlement operations are often conducted under the auspices of population and resource control.

SUPPORTING ORGANIZATIONS

10-24. Organizations supporting resettlement operations include numerous participants (military and nonmilitary) with divergent missions. Agencies involved in resettlement operations typically come from the joint community, interagency organizations, NGOs, international organizations, and HN/multinational organizations.

10-26. Based on national policy directives and other political efforts, the theater commander provides directives on the care, control, and disposition of DCs. The resettlement operation plan—
- Includes migration and evacuation procedures.
- Establishes minimum standards of care.
- Defines the status and disposition of DCs.
- Designates routes and movement control measures.
- Identifies cultural and dietary considerations.
- Includes information on DC plans, routes, and areas of concentration.
- Provides measures to relieve suffering.
- Establishes proper order and discipline measures within the facility for the security and safety of
DCs and Soldiers.
- Provides an aggressive information program by using support agencies and DC leadership.

INFRASTRUCTURE

10-27. Resettlement operations may require large groups of civilians to be quartered temporarily (less than 6 months) or semipermanently (more than 6 months). Military police may be tasked to set up, administer, and operate facilities in close coordination with CA forces, HN or U.S. governmental agencies, PSYOP units, NGOs, international humanitarian organizations, international organizations, and other interested organizations.

SCREENING

10-32. Screening prevents infiltration by insurgents, enemy agents, or escaped members of hostile armed forces.

The screening process also identifies technicians and professionals to help administer the
facility; for example, policemen, teachers, doctors, dentists, nurses, lawyers, mechanics, carpenters, and cooks.

LEGAL OBLIGATIONS

Within U.S. territories, there are specific legal restrictions governing the use of U.S. military forces. (See JP 3-28.)  http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/dod/jp3-28.pdf  (HOLY CRAP!!!!)

RELOCATION OF POPULATION

10-38. The final step in resettlement operations is the disposition of DCs.

MILITARY POLICE SUPPORT TO RESETTLEMENT OPERATIONS

1-40 The authority to approve resettlement such operations within U.S. territories is at the Secretary of Defense level and may require a special exception to Title 18, USC (Posse Comitatus Act). The Posse Comitatus Act prohibits the U.S. military from enforcing civilian laws within the United States or its territories without specific authorization. The U.S. Constitution and other federal, state, and local laws may directly and significantly affect operations in the U.S. and its territories if the enforcement of civilian laws are required according to Title 10, USC. U.S. military forces conducting law enforcement functions in such cases require an authorization through a congressional act (for example, Title 10 USC, Sections 331 through 334 [Insurrection Statues]) or a constitutional authorization (for example the President invoking his executive authority under Article 2 of the Constitution). U.S. Army National Guard Soldiers operating in a nonfederal status are not restricted by the Posse Comitatus Act. (See Title 32, USC, and JP 3-28.)

10-41. Military police support these operations predominately by decreasing civilian interference with military operations,

When the joint force commander determines that there is a need, a variety of military police units may be deployed to assist in accomplishing the resettlement mission.

10-42. Once the decision is made to employ a military police unit to support resettlement operations, the military police commander becomes the resettlement facility commander.

See Table 10-1 Actions during inprocessing

10-49. Searches are conducted of arriving DCs to ensure that weapons are not brought into the
resettlement facility.

DISLOCATED CIVILIAN OPERATIONS

10-50. Resettlement operations are performed across the spectrum of operations, especially in stability and civil support operations.

10-51. Controlling DCs is essential during military operations because uncontrolled masses of people can seriously impair the military mission.

Major natural and man-made disasters, large numbers of refugees or migrants crossing international borders, and other situations resulting in significant personnel displacement may quickly overwhelm local logistics capabilities, requiring a significant military response to prevent human suffering.

10-52. During military operations, U.S. armed forces must consider two distinct categories of civilians—

- Those who remain in place.  These persons may or may not require assistance. If no assistance is required and the safety of the civilians is not an issue, they should remain in place.

- Those who are dislocated. This category includes individuals who have left their homes for
various reasons. They are categorized as DCs, and their movement and physical presence can hinder military operations.

10-54. Military police classify DCs during processing.

10-56. Identifying DCs may or may not be necessary; it depends on guidance from higher headquarters, .... DC identification may be necessary for the following reasons:

- To identify personnel being sought by HN, multinational, or U.S. forces.

SUBSISTENCE

10-60. Ensure that expectant and nursing mothers and children under the age of 15 receive additional food in proportion to their needs. Increase the rations of workers based on the type of labor they are performing. Provide plenty of fresh water.

DINING FACILITIES

10-62 Train selected DCs to perform food service operations, and ensure that they are constantly supervised by U.S. food service personnel.

SELF-GOVERNMENT

10-63. The resettlement facility commander must determine whether the establishment of self-government is required and appropriate.

CONTROL AND DISCIPLINE

10-66. Controlling of the population is key to successful facility operations. Civilians housed in resettlement facilities during resettlement operations are not prisoners, and this affects the rules and guidelines drafted to support these operations.

The rules in figure 10-1 are similar to those used in support of Operation New Arrivals in
August 1975 at Indiantown Gap, Pennsylvania. They also parallel the rules posted in support of Panama’s Operations Just Cause and Promote Liberty and Hurricane Katrina relief operations in New Orleans.

See Figure 10-1 Sample Facility Rules

10-71. Additionally, the facility commander must ensure that all DCs are treated according to the
minimum basic human standards by—

- Allowing them to enjoy the fundamental rights internationally recognized, particularly those set
out in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (UN crap)

10-72. In the administration of any of resettlement facility, the dissemination of instructions and
information to the facility population is vital.

CA and PSYOP units may be able to help with the information dissemination effort.

SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS

10-74.  ... security for a resettlement facility should not give the impression that the facility is a prison.

10-75. Additional sources for security officers may include HN police, security forces, or other military forces. Another potential source of security may come from the facility population itself.

When supporting civil support operations, civilian police will normally be used to conduct law
enforcement functions within a facility. National Guard Soldiers operating under Title 32, USC, may also be used by their respective state governors to perform law enforcement functions.

10-76. Before a civilian is apprehended, the resettlement facility commander must coordinate with SJA and HN authorities to determine the following:
- Jurisdiction over the population.
- Authority to detain.
- Disposition and status of DCs.
- Disposition of case paperwork.
- Disposition of evidence, to include crime laboratory analysis results.
- Disposition of recovered property.
- Procedures and agreements unique to the supported HN.

10-77. The facility commander is prepared to perform operations to restore law and order by identifying a reaction force that can be immediately deployed and employed inside the facility to bring disturbances under control.

End of Chapter 10
More to come!

[FreeinTX]

Nothing notable in Appendix A

Appendix B

Primary Military Police Units Involved With Internment and Resettlement

MILITARY POLICE COMMAND

B-1. The MPC is typically assigned to an Army Service component command, and its commander usually serves as the theater CDO. (commander, detainee operations)

MILITARY POLICE BRIGADE

B-2. The military police brigade is typically assigned to an MPC, Army Service component command, or corps.

INTERNMENT AND RESETTLEMENT BATTALION

B-3. The I/R battalion is typically assigned to a military police brigade or an MEB (maneuver enhancement brigade), and its commander may serve as the facility commander for a TIF. (theater internment facility)

When task-organized as described above, the I/R battalion can typically provide operational control for a TIF, interning up to 4,000 compliant detainees, 300 noncompliant detainees, or 8,000 DCs.

MILITARY POLICE BATTALION

B-4. The military police battalion is typically assigned to a military police brigade or an MEB.

INTERNMENT AND RESETTLEMENT COMPANY

B-5. The I/R company is typically assigned to an I/R battalion, but may be assigned to a military police battalion or brigade.

An I/R company provides C2 (command and control) to support the operation of one enclosure inside a TIF (theater interment facility) for up to 1,000 detainees or 2,000 DCs. It normally has operational control of an I/R detachment assigned to the battalion and is responsible for the accountability of detainees/DCs and the operation of compounds within their enclosure.

GUARD COMPANY

B-6. The guard company is assigned to an I/R or military police battalion. This unit provides the
following capabilities to the supported commander:

Security for the confinement of up to 900 U.S. military prisoners.
- Security of up to 4,000 compliant detainees, 600 high-risk detainees, or 300 noncompliant detainees when task-organized under an I/R battalion.
- Individual detainee escort.
- Guards for detainees at medical facilities that are separate from I/R facilities.
- Security and law enforcement for up to 8,000 DCs.

MILITARY POLICE COMPANY

B-7. The military police company is typically assigned to a military police or I/R battalion.

This unit provides the following capabilities to the supported commander:
- Functionality as a guard company.
- Detainee escort guards and security during the transfer of detainees.
- Facilitation of DC movement.
- Selected detainee transport security, protection, and security patrols for TIFs.
- Operation and execution of detainee operations at a DHA (detainee holding area) or one or more DCPs. (detainee collection point)

INTERNMENT AND RESETTLEMENT DETACHMENT

B-8. The I/R detachment is typically assigned to an I/R battalion.

This unit provides the following capabilities to the supported commander:

- C2 (command and control) of one enclosure of housing up to 1,000 detainees or 2,000 DCs.

End of Appendix B

More to come.

[FreeinTX]

Appendix C

Contractor Support

Government contractors may be used to provide support to U.S. armed forces.

CONTRACTORS

C-1. Contractors are persons or businesses, including authorized subcontractors, that provide products or services for monetary compensation.

C-2. In military operations, a contractor may provide life support, construction and/or engineering support, weapon systems support, and/or other technical services. The contractor may be required to provide one or multiple types of support.

CONTRACTOR MANAGEMENT

C-10. Contractor management is accomplished through a responsible contracting organization, not the chain of command.

Command authority over contractors in support of military operations is somewhat limited when compared to the authority over military personnel and DA (Department of the Army) civilians.

Commanders must manage contractors through the contracting officer or assistant contracting officer.

C-11. The management and control of contractors are significantly different from the C2 (command and control) of Soldiers and DA civilians. During detainee operations, Soldiers and DA civilians are under the C2 of the military chain of command.

The supported combatant commander, through the Army Service component command, exercises C2 over Soldiers and DA civilians, including special recognitions and/or disciplinary actions. Military commanders do not, however, have the same authority over contractors and their employees. Military commanders have only management authority over contractors according to defense acquisition rules and regulations.

POLICY

C-16. In the event of emergency or contingency operations, contractors are often required to perform services in the operational area. With the increased criticality of contractor support, especially when conducting I/R operations, the Army (AR 715-9) and DOD policies (DODI 3020.41) are that—

- Civilian contractors may be employed to support Army operations and/or weapon systems domestically or overseas. ... they may be temporarily assigned or deployed anywhere, as needed and consistent with the terms of the contract and the tactical situation.

- Contract employees are subject to court-martial jurisdiction only in times of officially declared
war or contingency operations. Non-HN contract employees supporting U.S. military forces may
be prosecuted for serious criminal offenses under the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act.

TRAINING CONSIDERATIONS FOR CONTRACTORS

C-17. Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom demonstrated that civilian contractors play a large role in sustainment and other operations in support of the maneuver commander. Contract interrogators are often used in detainee operations. A contract interrogator is a contractor who is specifically trained and DOD-certified according to DODD 3115.09 to collect information from HUMINT sources for the purpose of answering specific information requirements.

Contract interrogators operate only in fixed facilities, not in tactical operations.

STATUS OF CONTRACT EMPLOYEES

C-18. According to Hague Convention, Article 13, “individuals who follow an army without directly
belonging to it, such as newspaper correspondents and reporters, sutlers, and contractors, who fall into the enemy’s hands and whom the latter thinks expedient to detain, are entitled to be treated as prisoners of war, provided they are in possession of a certificate from the military authorities of the army which they were accompanying.”

C-19. Contract employees are not combatants or noncombatants. They are not subject to attack unless, and for such time as, they take a direct part in hostilities, which is prohibited by DOD policies. Contractors should, therefore, not be consciously placed in a position where they might be perceived as directly taking part in hostilities and, thereby, become subject to intentional attack.

CONTRACTOR SUPPORT FOR DETAINEE OPERATIONS

C-21. Contract employees have been used as HUMINT collectors in a variety of locations. Generally, these contract employees are former military HUMINT collectors (often former warrant officers or senior NCOs) with many years of experience. Occasionally, persons with other interrogation experience (law enforcement personnel) have been used. In many instances, contract employees deploy to assignments for a longer period of time than their military counterparts and offer a degree of continuity to the operation due to their longer service. Such use of contract employees in the detainee arena has proven to be highly successful.


JURISDICTION OVER CONTRACTORS

C-25. There are several ways that jurisdiction may be exercised over civilians and contractors. Determining whether criminal jurisdiction exists over contractors may depend on the type of contractor involved in misconduct and the applicable written provisions within the contract itself. Furthermore, civilians may be subject to the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act, which establishes federal jurisdiction over offenses committed OCONUS by persons employed by or accompanying the Armed Forces, or by members of the Armed Forces who are released or separated from active duty prior to being identified and prosecuted for committing such offenses, and for other purposes.

C-26. The commander has the authority to initiate proceedings that could lead to charges under UCMJ, possible HN jurisdiction under a Status of Forces Agreement, or violations of the Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act (Public Law 106-523). Administrative discipline for civilians can include a reduction in grade, suspension from duty without pay, or removal from office. Military personnel may be subject to appropriate administrative discipline or to action under the UCMJ, which may include punishment under Article 15 or trial by court-martial. Government contractors may be held liable for their employee’s misconduct. Contractor employees may also be held personally liable. In all cases involving suspected contractor misconduct, commanders should immediately consult their SJA for specific legal advice.

End of Appendix C

More to come

[Constitutionary]

They can print all the Field Manuals they want.

The ones who will be enforcing all this crap won't give a damn what the manual has to say.

They'll just do as ordered, then what will happen is after the state of emergency is over these low level thugs will be prosecuted for anti-constitutional violations.

[FreeinTX]

Appendix D

Application of the Geneva Conventions to Internment and Resettlement Operations

Various international agreements have been designed and adopted for the protection of individuals who are out of combat (hors de combat), including detainees and DCs (dislocated civilians) interned and resettled in times of conflict.

The Geneva Conventions are the primary sources of legal guidance for the care and treatment of
these individuals.

The Geneva Conventions speak in terms of POWs and detained civilians. When this appendix addresses the term detainee, it refers to all categories of detainees unless otherwise specified.

INTENT OF PROTECTION

D-1. DOD policy is to apply the Geneva Conventions in all military operations unless directed otherwise by competent authority, usually at the theater level or above

D-2. The GPW (Geneva Conventions treatment of prisoners of war) will be applied, presumptively, for persons who are detained because of their hostile acts, from the POC (point of capture) to a detention facility, until directed otherwise by competent authority (including the determination of status by an Article 5 tribunal). EPWs (enemy prisoners of war) will be treated according to the GPW at times. The GC (Geneva Conventions treatment of other than POW's) will be applied, presumptively, to other detainees (including those who are determined not to be EPWs) and DCs (dislocated civilians) unless directed otherwise by competent authority. Current DOD policy requires that all detainees be afforded the protections outlined in Common Article 3 to the Geneva Conventions (see figure D-1, page D-2).

D-3. Although the protocols have not been ratified by the United States, many of their provisions are binding on the United States as customary international laws. Moreover, many U.S. allies are under a legal obligation (as parties to both protocols) to comply with these treaties.

HUMANE TREATMENT

D-4. The minimum standard of treatment, dictated by DOD policy, is outlined in Common Article 3 to the Geneva Conventions.

Detainee Care at a Detention Facility

D-6. The following rights are not the only ones that detainees may be given at a fixed facility, nor will detainees necessarily be given all of these. The detention facility commander may determine that some limitations on these rights or benefits are justified for imperative reasons of security.

- Be allowed the freedom to exercise religion
- Be allowed to exercise
- Be allowed to send and receive mail
- Be allowed representation
- Not be photographed or videotaped for unofficial purposes
- Have access to the Geneva Conventions (in their own language)
- Be allowed to complete documentation to notify their family of their location and that they
are alive and in U.S. custody
- Be issued an identification card
- Be allowed visits by the ICRC (International Committee of the Red Cross)

These provisions of the Geneva Conventions are required to be implemented as soon as practicable after a detention facility is established. The detention facility commander may, if required by imperative military necessity, suspend all or part of the rights, benefits, and provisions annotated in this section; the humane treatment standards can never be abridged. The specific provisions of the Geneva Conventions and the SJA should be consulted to aid in developing detailed SOPs and the specific suspension of these provisions


INTERROGATION

D-8. A detaining power may interrogate EPWs. (enemy prisoners of war) EPWs, however, are only required to provide their name, grade, birth date, and serial number. EPWs cannot be punished if they refuse to give additional information.

PROSECUTION

D-9. EPWs have “combatant immunity;” they cannot be tried or punished for their participation in an armed conflict. They may be prosecuted for committing war crimes, crimes against humanity, and common crimes under the laws of the detaining power or international laws. EPWs are entitled to be tried before the same courts and face the same procedures that detaining power military personnel would face (that is, the respective UCMJ for EPWs captured and held by U.S. forces). EPWs are entitled to representation by competent counsel during the trial and must be advised of the charges against them; they also have a right to appeal their conviction and sentence.

D-10. If, at the end of a conflict, an EPW has done nothing more than take up arms against opposing forces, the detaining power is required to repatriate the EPW. An EPW detained in connection with a criminal prosecution may also be repatriated if the detaining power consents.

D-11. Other detainees are not afforded the same extensive rights of trial as an EPW. These individuals may be tried by HN courts, international tribunals, or tribunals established by the detaining power. The trial rights they are afforded must, however, meet the minimum standards of Common Article 3 to the Geneva Conventions, which gives them judicial guarantees that are recognized as indispensable by civilized peoples.

TRIBUNALS

D-12. A tribunal is an administrative hearing, that is controlled by a board of officers. Article 5 tribunals determine the actual status of a detainee (CI, RP, or enemy combatant). A CI review tribunal determines the lawfulness of the internment of civilians who may be detained for security reasons. (See AR 190-8 for Article 5 tribunal procedures.)

ARTICLE 5 TRIBUNAL PROCEDURES

D-14. After hearing testimony (if applicable) and reviewing documents and other evidence, the tribunal will determine the status of the detainee by majority vote in a closed session.

Hearsay evidence offered by the detainee or DOD may be accepted by the tribunal.

There will be a rebuttable presumption in favor of creditable DOD evidence, with the burden shifting to the detainee to rebut that evidence with more persuasive evidence.


Possible board determinations are as follows:

- EPW (lawful enemy combatant).
- Recommended RP (retained personnel). This is individual is entitled to EPW protection and may be considered for certification as a medical or religious RP.
- Civilian.
- Civilian accompanying the force, given EPW status.
- Innocent civilian who should be immediately returned to his home or released.
- CIs, who for reasons of operations security, should be detained or transferred to local law
enforcement authorities as appropriate.
- Members of armed groups.

D-15. The following procedures may be added to the tribunal as time, resources, and circumstances permit:

- Oath.
- Records.
- Proceedings. (open proceedings)
- Notification of classification.
- Rebuttal.
- Attendance.
- Witnesses.
- Right to testify.

CIVILIAN INTERNEE REVIEW TRIBUNAL PROCEDURES

D-18. The following procedures are the minimum required for a CI review tribunal.

D-19. Following the hearing of testimony (if applicable) and the review of documents and other evidence, the tribunal will determine the status of the detainee, in closed session, by majority vote.

Hearsay evidence offered by the detainee or DOD may be accepted by the tribunal.

Possible board determinations are as follows:
- Innocent civilian who should be immediately returned to his home or released.
- CI who for reasons of operational security should be detained or transferred to local law enforcement authorities as appropriate.

D-20. The internment of civilians is a significant deprivation of liberty that may solely be justified for imperative reasons of security.

The following procedures may be added to the tribunal as time, resources, and circumstances permit:

- Oath.
- Records.
- Proceedings. (open proceedings)
- Notification of classification.
- Rebuttal.
- Attendance.
- Witnesses.
- Right to testify.
- Representation

D-23. The decision of the tribunal, evidence admitted before the tribunal, and any additional information provided by the detainee will be presented to the convening authority after the proceedings have concluded in order for the convening authority to make a final decision as to the status of the detainee.

End of Appendix D

More to come

[Rex]

Thanks for doing this, FreeinTX.  I like to do handouts, and I'll go through your work and make a bullet-point list of the worst offenses, direct people the pdf, to the I/R job ads and so on.  Your work here will save me lots of time.

By the way, does anyone know where the thread is regarding college degrees in Internment/Resettlement?  It's around here somewhere.  Some college is offering degrees in this stuff now.  Anyone know which college that was or where the thread is?

Thanks.

[FreeinTX]

Appendix E

Agencies Concerned With Internment and Resettlement Operations

This appendix provides background information about the various types of government and nongovernment agencies interested in I/R operations.

U.S. FEDERAL AGENCIES

E-1. The DOD, Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, and other federal agencies provide support for I/R operations.

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

E-2. Under the provisions of the Geneva Conventions, the capturing power is responsible for the proper and humane treatment of I/R populations from the moment of capture.

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

E-4. In the event of a terrorist attack, natural disaster, or other large-scale emergency, the Department of Homeland Security is responsible for ensuring that emergency response professionals are prepared.

FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY

E-5. The Federal Emergency Management Agency is responsible for leading the nation’s emergency
management system. Local and state programs are the heart of the nation’s emergency management system, with most disasters being handled by local and state governments.

Once the President has declared a national disaster, Federal Emergency Management Agency
coordinates with its own response activities and 28 other federal agencies that may provide assistance.

The Federal Response Plan provides the foundation on which the Federal Emergency Management
Agency executes its responsibilities.

U.S. Agency for International Development

E-10. The U.S. Agency for International Development is not under direct control of the Department of State. However, it coordinates activities at the department and country level within the federal government.

Department of Justice

E-13. The Department of Justice agency that the U.S. armed forces may contact for assistance in domestic humanitarian assistance operations is the Community Relations Service. Under the authority and direction of the attorney general, the Community Relations Service provides on-site resolution assistance through a field staff of mediators and negotiators.

Public Health Service

E-14. The Public Health Service promotes the protection and advancement of the nation’s physical and mental health. U.S. armed forces work with the Public Health Service during refugee operations in or near the United States and its territories.

U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement

E-15. The ICE provides information and service to the public while enforcing immigration control. The ICE is essential in the processing and eventual disposition of migrants and refugees in the United States and its territories.

UNITED NATIONS AGENCIES

E-16. The UN is involved in the entire spectrum of humanitarian assistance operations, from prevention to relief, ensuring that the rights and privileges of persons affected by I/R operations are observed.

UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES

UNITED NATIONS DISASTER RELIEF COORDINATOR

RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT MOVEMENT

E-20. Three main organizations compose the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. These organizations include the IFRC, the ICRC, and the International Federation of Red Crescent Societies.

INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT SOCIETIES

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE RED CROSS

E-22. The ICRC received its mandate to act as a monitoring agent for the proper treatment of detainees from the Geneva Conventions.

E-24. If requested, these representatives may interview detainees without witnesses. Visiting
representatives may not accept letters, paperwork, documents, or other articles for delivery from the detainee.

E-25. Detainees may make complaints or requests to the ICRC/protecting power regarding the conditions of their internment. Detainees may not be punished for making complaints, even if those complaints prove to be unfounded.

E-30. All ICRC communications, including summarized reports, will be marked with the following
statement: ICRC communications are provided to DOD as confidential, restricted-use documents.

End of Appendix E

More to come

[FreeinTX]

Thanks for doing this, FreeinTX.  I like to do handouts, and I'll go through your work and make a bullet-point list of the worst offenses, direct people the pdf, to the I/R job ads and so on.  Your work here will save me lots of time.

Thanks.

Your welcome.  It is exactly why I did it.  To cut through the legalese and find the nuggets of juicy info that we can use to hang 'em high.  In time I will also be doing a synopsis of this seditious document.

Cheers.

[FreeinTX]

Appendix F

Sample Facility Inspection Checklist

While U.S. and international laws are important at all I/R levels, there is an
increasing standard of requirements at internment facilities located at theater and
strategic levels.

See Figure F-1

[FreeinTX]

Nothing notable in Appendix G

Appendix H

Use of Force and Riot Control Measures

The I/R facility commander provides guidance to the military police guard force on
the appropriate use of force for protecting detainees, U.S. military prisoners, and
DCs. This includes establishing uniform procedures that govern the use of force,
weapons (lethal and nonlethal), and restraining devices. The I/R facility commander
ensures that the quick-reaction force is organized and trained to respond to
disturbances inside and outside the facility, whether it be from detainees, U.S.
military prisoners, or DCs. Supporting military police units will train, at a minimum, squad- to platoon-size quick-reaction forces and squad-size elements for extraction
and apprehension teams.

DEFINITIONS

H-1. The terms use of force, serious bodily harm, and deadly force have significant differences in their meanings. They are defined and/or described in the following paragraphs.

RULES FOR THE USE OF FORCE

H-2. Planning and preparing for the use of force is a necessary element in maintaining order.

The RUF continuum is used in determining the appropriate amount of force needed to compel compliance. (See figure H-1, page H-2.)

The use of deadly force against detainees is always considered a
measure of last resort. Its use is authorized when no other means of suppressing the dangerous activity (attack, escape) is feasible.

The continuum recognizes five basic categories:

- Lethal. Attempts to kill or inflict serious injury (using knives, clubs, objects, firearms).
- Assaultive. Attempts to attack or inflict injury (striking with hands or feet, biting).
- Actively resistant. Does not follow orders and offers physical resistance, but does not attempt to
inflict harm (bracing or pulling away, attempting to flee).
- Passively resistant. Does not follow orders, but offers no physical resistance to attempts to gain
control (going limp).
- Compliant. Offers no resistance to instruction and complies with directions.

H-3. The continuum also incorporates five levels of force. (See figure H-1)

There is no requirement for the following levels of force to be applied in order:

Level 1: Cooperative controls. Used to direct a compliant person (verbal direction, hand
gestures).

Level 2: Soft controls. Used when cooperative control fails and the level of force required
escalates. They are designed with a low probability of causing injury (compliant or noncompliant escort positions, use of hand and/or leg restraints).

- Level 3: Hard controls. Used when escort positions fail and the level of force required
escalates. They have a slightly greater possibility of causing injury (pressure points, joint locks,
oleoresin capsicum spray [such as pepper spray], electronic stun devices).

- Level 4: Defensive techniques. Used when hard controls fail and the level of force required
escalates. They also have a higher probability of causing injuries. (empty-hand strikes and
blocks, baton strikes and blocks, NLWs (nonlethal weapons), and MWDs). (Military working dogs)

- Level 5: Deadly force. Used as a last resort when all lesser means have failed or would be
impractical. Used to prevent death or serious injury to self or others; to prevent the theft, damage or destruction of resources vital to national security or dangerous to others; or to terminate an active escape attempt (firearms and strikes with nonlethal weapons should be directed at vital points of the body).

H-4. When the use of force is necessary, it is exercised according to the priorities of force and limited to the minimum degree necessary. The use of deadly force is prescribed in AR 190-14. http://www.armystudyguide.com/content/publications/army_regulations/ar-19015.shtml  CARRYING OF FIREARMS AND USE OF FORCE FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT AND SECURITY DUTIES

SERIOUS BODILY HARM

H-7. Serious bodily harm is the amount of harm that causes serious injury to the body without causing death. It does not include minor injuries, such as a black eye or bloody nose, but does include fractured or dislocated bones, deep cuts, torn members of the body, serious damage to internal organs, and other life threatening injuries.

DEADLY FORCE

H-8. Deadly force is a force that a person knows, or should know, would create a substantial risk of causing death or serious bodily harm.

Deadly force is a destructive physical force directed against a person or persons by guards using a weapon or equipment which, when properly employed in its intended application, would inflict death or serious bodily harm.

Deadly force, as described in AR 190-14, will only be used for—

- Self-defense and the defense of others.
- Incidents involving national security.
- Incidents not involving national security, but inherently dangerous to others.
- Arrests or apprehensions.
- Serious offenses against persons.
- Escapes

REFRESHER!!! 

10-66
Civilians housed in resettlement facilities during resettlement operations are not prisoners.
10-74.  ... security for a resettlement facility should not give the impression that the facility is a prison.

H-10. In an attempted escape from a fenced enclosure, individuals will not be fired on unless they have cleared the outside fence or barrier (razor, concertina wire) and is making further efforts to escape.

H-11. Individuals attempting to escape outside a fenced enclosure will be fired on if they do not halt after the third command. An escape is considered successful if individuals—

- Reach the lines of the forces of which they are members or the allies of those powers.
- Leave the territory controlled by the United States or its allies.

NONLETHAL WEAPONS

H-15. When drafting the RUF, it must be clearly articulated and understood that NLWs are an additional means of employing force for the particular purpose of limiting the probability of death or serious injury to noncombatants or belligerents.

H-16. DOD defines NLWs as weapons that are explicitly designed and primarily employed to incapacitate personnel or material while minimizing fatalities, permanent injury to personnel, and damage to property and the environment.

H-17 The use of lethal force in self-defense or the defense of others, employed under the standing RUF, will never be denied. At no time will forces be deployed without the ability to defend themselves against a lethal threat nor will they forgo normal training, arming, and equipping for combat. Nonlethal options are a complement to, not a replacement for, lethal force.

H-19. Commanders and public affairs officers must be prepared to address media questions and concerns regarding the use and role of NLWs. They must make it clear that the presence of NLWs in no way indicates abandoning the option to employ deadly force in appropriate circumstances.

H-22. Preventing fatalities or permanent injuries is not a requirement of NLWs. While complete avoidance of these effects is not guaranteed or expected, properly employed NLWs should significantly reduce them as compared with physically destroying the same target.

H-24. If the United States is engaged in war, Executive Order 11850 governs the use of riot control agents. Presidential approval is required before riot control agents can be used, and they can only be used in defensive modes (riot control). If the United States is not engaged in war, the use of riot control agents is governed by CJCSI 3110.07A and approval authority may be lower than the President. If the use of riot control agents is desirable, leaders at any level must coordinate with the approving authority to ensure that their use is approved.

RIOT CONTROL MEASURES

H-30. Some of the preliminaries involved when considering riot control measures are provided in the
following paragraphs. Riot control agents, formations, and movements are covered extensively in
FM 3-19.15.   http://www.fas.org/irp/doddir/army/fm3-19-15.pdf Civil Disturbance Operations

H-31. All displays of conflict must be brought under control quickly.

H-32. Order must be restored using the least amount of force possible. Often, PSYOP resources can play an effective role in restoring order to the compound. If necessary, riot control agents and NLWs are authorized to incapacitate rioters.

DESIGNATED MARKSMEN

H-43. During a nonlethal engagement, the use of designated marksmen provides confidence and safety to those facing a riot. If a lethal threat is presented, the designated marksmen in overwatch positions (armed with appropriate sniper weapons mounted with high-powered scopes) can scan a crowd and identify agitators and riot leaders for apprehension and fire lethal rounds if warranted.

CROWD BEHAVIOR

H-46. Social factors (leadership, moral attitudes, uniformity) may influence crowd behavior. Leadership has a profound effect on the intensity and direction of crowd behavior. When blocked from expressing its emotions in one direction, a crowd’s frustration and hostility may be redirected elsewhere. The first person to give clear orders in an authoritative manner may become the leader. Agitators can exploit a crowd’s mood and convert a group of frustrated, resentful people into a vengeful mob. Skillful agitators using clandestine communications within the facility can reach large portions of the population and incite them to unlawful acts without having direct personal contact. In an I/R environment, any crowd can be a threat to law and order because it is open to manipulation.

[FreeinTX]

Appendix I

Medical Support to Detainee Operations

As participants in the Geneva Conventions, detainees in U.S. custody receive medical
care consistent with the standard of medical care that applies to U.S. armed forces in
the same area.

PROHIBITED ACTS

I-2. The Geneva Conventions specifically prohibit certain acts and specify that all detainees will receive humane treatment. Prohibited acts include murder, torture, medical and scientific experimentation, physical mutilation, and the removal of tissues and organs for transplantation. Additionally, causing serious injury, pain, or suffering is prohibited.

I-4. The detaining power is prohibited from conducting medical and scientific experimentation on
detainees.  This prohibition does not extend to the introduction of new treatment regimens and/or pharmaceuticals when there is a substantiated medical necessity and withholding the treatment would bedetrimental to the health of the detainee.

INITIAL MEDICAL SCREENING AND STANDARDIZED PHYSICAL EXAMINATION

I-32. Detainees are screened by medical personnel within 24 hours of their arrival at the internment facility. They are screened for general health and nutritional status, the presence of communicable diseases, preexisting chronic medical conditions, medication history (including current medications), immunization status, weight, and existing wounds or injuries.

I-34. If a detainee requires immunizations, they are given at this time as specified by the theater detainee health care policy.

End of Appendix I

More to come

[FreeinTX]

Appendix J

Facility Designs and Sustainment Considerations

DESIGNS

J-1. As the DOD executive agent, the OPMG (Office of the Provost Marshal General) has responsibility for detainees.

FACILITIES

J-2. There are three basic focused types of I/R facilities: detainee internment, DC resettlement, and U.S. military prisoner internment.

J-3. Maximum-security cell blocks consist of portable cells that are stored on pallets and come ready to assemble. Maximum-security cells can be assembled as stand-alone cells or hooked together to form a cell block.

DETAINEE INTERNMENT FACILITY

J-5. Figure J-1 shows a TIF comprised of four 1,000-person enclosures, each with two 500-person compounds. Each 500-person compound is further divided into four 125-person compounds.

See Figure J-1

Dislocated Civilian Resettlement Facility

J-6 The resettlement facility for DCs is designed with an administrative area and up to eight 1,000-person enclosures.

See Figure J-2

U.S. Military Prisoner Internment Facility

J-7  The facility for US military prisoners (or non compliant detainees) contains up to three 100-person enclosures.

See Figure J-3

J-14. Local vacant buildings may be used if practical.

REFRESHER!!!

10-66  Civilians housed in resettlement facilities during resettlement operations are not prisoners.
10-74.  ... security for a resettlement facility should not give the impression that the facility is a prison.


CLEAR ZONE

J-22. The 12-foot clear zone must be free of vegetation and shrubbery.  The use of
concertina or razor wire as additional barrier protection at the top and bottom of perimeter fencing is authorized.

FENCING

J-23. Double exterior fencing will be installed around facility recreation, exercise, and work yard areas.  Razor or concertina wire may be substituted for overhangs when determined appropriate by the facility commander.

ENTRANCES

J-24. All entrances passing through a double fence must have a sally port that will accommodate a 40-foot commercial truck with trailer.

GUARD TOWERS

J-26. Guard towers must be located on the perimeter of each facility and compound (optional for DC facilities).

PATROL ROADS

J-28. Construct patrol roads for vehicle or foot patrols adjacent to the outside perimeter fence or walls.

J-39. When dining facilities are not available, feed detainees field rations (U.S. or captured).

J-51 Media coverage. Planners should develop a media plan and provide guidance on media
operations to all personnel involved in detention operations. All media plans must be approved
by the Office of the Secretary of Defense.

J-53 Except for hats and other accessories, all outer garments worn by detainees will be marked with the letters "PW" across the back and on the front of each sleeve, between the elbow and shoulder.

See Figure J-6

ELECTRONIC SEARCHING DEVICES

J-55. Nonintrusive devices can be used to conduct a body search of detainees to identify weapons or other objects used as weapons.

CANTEENS

J-58. When directed by the CDO or a senior military police officer in the internment facility chain of
command, canteens will be installed in the facility so that detainees can procure foodstuffs, soap, tobacco, and ordinary articles that are used daily.

J-59. The tariff on items available to detainees will never exceed local market price.

J-60. Profits made by the facility canteen will be used for the benefit of detainees; a special fund will be created for this purpose.

SPECIAL PROGRAMS

J-61. As a general policy, active education, visitation, employment, and agricultural programs for
detainees are encouraged and supported.

EDUCATION PROGRAM

J-62. Education programs are developed according to DA policy guidance. Within the framework of this guidance and implementing directives issued by other responsible headquarters, a separate education program is developed for each internment facility.

J-63. In addition to an academic program, vocational training should be an integral part of the education program. The immediate objective of vocational training is to develop skills within the population that are immediately useful for full employment of detainees during internment.

VISITATION PROGRAM

J-64. Detention facility commanders should consider a visitation program for detainees.

EMPLOYMENT PROGRAM

J-65. Detainees constitute a significant labor force of skilled and unskilled individuals. These individuals should be employed to the fullest extent possible in work that is needed to construct, manage, perform administrative functions for, and maintain the internment facility.

For a complete discussion on employment and compensation for detainees, see AR 190-8. ENEMY PRISONERS OF WAR, RETAINED PERSONNEL, CIVILIAN INTERNEES AND OTHER DETAINEES  http://armypubs.army.mil/epubs/pdf/R190_8.PDF

J-67. Commanders must organize and manage detainees in such a manner as to permit the proper and ready employment of each detainee.[/color

LABOR CONSIDERATIONS

J-68. Detainee labor may be used to perform the following:

- Camp administration and installation maintenance.
- Agricultural work.
- Public works, public utilities, and building operations that have no military character or purpose.
- Transportation and handling of stores that are not military in nature or purpose.
- Domestic services.

AGRICULTURAL PROGRAM

J-75. Where practical, detainees will be required to raise vegetables for their use.

Agricultural and gardening projects are particularly desirable because they provide gainful
employment for large numbers of individuals. The food produced by the gardening projects provides a valuable supplement to detainee diets at a minimal expense. The produce from gardens is U.S. property. It will be used for the benefit of detainees and U.S. armed forces and will not be sold or traded in civilian markets.

End of Appendix J

More to come

[FreeinTX]

Appendix K

Psychological Operations Support to Internment and Resettlement Operations

The mission of the supporting PSYOP unit is twofold—to help maintain order within the facility and to provide the PSYOP task force or PSYOP support element with information relevant to the
ongoing PSYOP programs.

OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

K-1. Tactical PSYOP units provide the PSYOP task force and/or support element with a unique and useful capability by collecting timely PSYOP-relevant information from representatives of actual target audiences within an I/R facility. In addition, tactical PSYOP units provide the geographic combatant commander or joint task force commander with a valuable asset by executing PSYOP programs that pacify I/R facility populations.

K-2. To effectively support I/R operations, tactical PSYOP units perform essential tasks that include—

- Developing a PSYOP program and conducting PSYOP to pacify, obtain cooperation from, and condition the I/R facility population to accept U.S. authority.
- Collecting and confirming or denying demographic information about PSYOP target audiences.
- Ascertaining targets and objectives of propaganda.
- Determining the effectiveness of enemy internal propaganda, such as propaganda directed at opposing forces.
- Planning and conducting PSYOP to achieve other multinational and/or joint PSYOP task force or PSYOP support element objectives, such as reorienting or reeducating the I/R facility population or setting the stage for acceptance of future operations.
- Assisting in improving relations with the local population (in the vicinity of the I/R facility) to prevent or minimize interference with I/R facility operations.
- Conducting tactical PSYOP missions as directed by the PSYOP task force or support element, or the supported commander.

K-3 One tactical PSYOP detachment of 16 personnel is capable of supporting an I/R facility operated by an I/R battalion with a maximum facility capacity of 4,000 compliant detainees or 8,000 DCs.

Normally, the tactical PYSOP detachment consists of tactical PSYOP teams that include—
- Interview team.
- Enclosure team.
- Quick-reaction force support team.
- Audiovisual team.

K-5 The tactical PSYOP detachment commander is responsible for advising the I/R commander on
the psychological impact of all actions inside and outside the I/R facility that may affect the facility population.

COMMAND INFORMATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS PRODUCT DISSEMINATION

K-9. The tactical PSYOP detachment conducts operations based on command information and PSYOP pacification programs using a variety of media. Music and news (from approved sources), I/R facility rules, and in-processing instructions are broadcast using facility loudspeaker systems augmented by loudspeaker systems organic to the tactical PSYOP detachment. If available, supporting audiovisual teams produce and disseminate audio and/or video products.

INTERVIEW TEAM

K-13. The interview team is comprised of tactical PSYOP detachment personnel who are trained to conduct interviews. If available, interview teams should be augmented with qualified MOS 97E interrogators to increase team effectiveness.

Information collected in PSYOP interviews should include the following information
about detainees and DCs:
- Race or ethnicity.
- Sex.
- Age.
- Political affiliation.
- Religious affiliation.
- Geographic origin
- Education level.
- Length, depth, and type of involvement during the conflict.
- Previous or current occupation.
- Standard of living and financial state.
- Previous military training.
- Political and military indoctrination.
- PSYOP vulnerability and susceptibility.

K-15 Detainees and DCs who are cooperative or possess information, skills, or characteristics of interest to the tactical PSYOP detachment should be interviewed in depth. The interview team specifically looks for—

- Malcontents, rabble-rousers, trained agitators, and political officers who may attempt to organize resistance or create disturbances within the I/R facility.
- Detainees and DCs willing to cooperate in setting up informant networks.
- Detainees and DCs with special skills who can assist with I/R facility operations.
- Detainees and DCs willing to assist with product development, such as taping audio surrender
appeals.
- Detainees and DCs willing to participate in PSYOP product testing.

K-17. The interview team, along with other facility personnel, must take precautions to safeguard the identities of cooperative detainees and DCs to protect them from reprisals. PSYOP personnel must always exercise discretion when dealing with cooperative detainees and DCs.

K-18. Discovering detainees and DCs with false identities is an important security measure that can reduce potential problems and ensure smooth I/R facility operations.

ENCLOSURE TEAM

K-19. The tactical PSYOP detachment assigned as an enclosure team conducts face-to-face PSYOP and collects vital information within the I/R facility.

K-20. The enclosure team builds a rapport with detainees and DCs by distributing recreational equipment, conducting morale support activities, and performing other actions designed to gain the trust of detainees or DCs.

The enclosure team should look for—

- Formal and informal leaders.
- Individuals who are the center of attention in a group.
- Loners.
- Unusual groups.
- Items passed from one person to another.
- Contrasting soil in the compound.
- Lookouts.
- Signals and codes.
- Individuals who move from one group, to another and whose presence forces the topic of
conversation to change.
- Individuals who speak for a group but maintain eye contact with another person in that group.
- Individuals who immediately make friends with military police guards.
- Detainees and DCs who express interest in I/R facility construction or materials and equipment
used in facility construction.

QUICK-RESPONSE FORCE SUPPORT TEAM

The quick-reaction force support team is a predesignated element that serves as an emergency tactical response force for the compounds or other locations determined by the facility commander.

AUDIOVISUAL TEAM

K-24. The audiovisual team can support three or more tactical PSYOP detachments when supporting I/R operations. The audiovisual team uses organic equipment to produce and disseminate products to the I/R facility population. The team supports the facility PSYOP program by disseminating entertainment products, such as videos and music. This team gives the tactical PSYOP detachment the ability to influence detainee and DC behavior by providing or withholding something of value to the population. When directed, the team disseminates products that support other PSYOP task force programs (reeducation, reorientation, posthostility themes).

K-25. At a minimum, the audiovisual team should have the capability to edit audio and video products in digital formats, provide edited audio products in compact disc and minidisc formats, disseminate video products in video home system and digital video disc formats, project video with sound to large audiences within the facility, record and edit digital still photographs, and print limited numbers of PSYOP products in various sizes for use within the internment facility.

End of Appendix K

More to come

[FreeinTX]

Appendix L

Guidelines for Handling Evidence

This appendix provides general guidelines for handling captured materiel and
documents that could be used as evidence in legal proceedings against captured
persons suspected of crimes against humanity, terrorism, war crimes, and/or other crimes. Detailed procedures for identifying, handling, storing, transferring, releasing, and disposing of captured materiel and documents should follow accepted legal
standards and should be documented in local regulations or SOPs.

EVIDENCE CUSTODY

EVIDENCE RESPONSIBILITIES

L-4. Evidence custodian responsibilities cannot be further delegated.

SUBMISSION

L-6. The law enforcement person first assuming custody of evidence will subsequently mark it for future identification as evidence. When any person submits evidence to the evidence custodian, it will be properly tagged and placed in appropriate containers as necessary.

L-7. The evidence custodian will carefully examine, count, and weigh (as appropriate) all evidence being submitted.

L-8. The evidence custodian should not accept items that are not evidence nor accept evidence that is not properly tagged and accompanied by the stipulated documentation,

INVENTORY

L-10. When evidence is first received into custody by law enforcement personnel, whether confiscated during an investigation or received from a unit or command representative, the evidence custodian must personally inventory the evidence.

TRANSFER AND SHIPMENT

L-11. When physical evidence in the possession of military law enforcement personnel is transferred or shipped to another agency, the chain of custody must be maintained. Ship by reliable and secure means, and maintain documentation to prove an unbroken chain of custody.

DISPOSAL

L-12. The evidence custodian will obtain approval for the final disposal of evidence from the proper authority and enter it on DA Form 4137.

Any evidence entered into the evidence custodial system that is not used in a
judicial or administrative action may be disposed of upon authorization from the PM (Provost Marshal) or a designated representative.

End of Appendix L

More to come

[FreeinTX]

Appendix M

Biometrics

Biometrics are measurable physical and behavioral characteristics that enable the establishment and verification of an individual’s identity. The term biometrics includes, but is not limited to, finger, face, hand, eye, voice, and DNA characteristics. Biometrics are integrated to achieve the management, protection, and control of identity information for friendly, neutral or unknown, and adversary personnel. This appendix provides an overview for the employment of biometrics and highlights them as key enablers in support of I/R operations.

OPERATIONS

M-1. A biometric is a measurable physical characteristic or personal behavioral trait used to recognize the identity or verify the claimed identity of an individual. Biometrics is the process of recognizing an individual based on measurable anatomical, physiological, and behavioral characteristics. (JP 2-0.)

M-2. Biometric terms (recognition, verification, and identification) are sometimes used interchangeably. This usage is not only confusing, but incorrect.

Recognition. Recognition is a characteristic relating to the fundamental functions of identification or verification. Recognition is a generic term in the description of a specific biometric application (for example, facial or iris recognition). Recognition does not equate to verification.

Verification. Verification is a task in which a biometric application confirms a subject’s biometric sample by matching it against his stored biometric file. This is also known as
authentication.

Identification. Identification is a task in which a biometric application compares a submitted biometric sample against all of the biometric samples on file to determine whether it matches any of the samples within the database and, if so, provides the known identity of the biometric subject whose sample was matched. Identification is “closed set” if the person is known to exist in the database; it is an “open set” if the person is not known to exist in the database.

M-3. Biometric-enabled intelligence operations enhance military capabilities to dominate, protect, and manage individual identities.

There are two major types of biometric data that are especially useful to military police and HUMINT collectors.

These are personal identification data (fingerprint, palm print) and other biological information (voiceprint, facial scan, retinal scan)

Another type is biometric data that indicates source truthfulness (polygraph data). Polygraph evidence requires certified polygraph operators to administer and interpret the data.

M-4 Several key activities are conducted when applying biometric technology. All activities depend on each other for success. The activities include—

- Collect. Capture biometric and related contextual data from an individual, with or without his or her knowledge. Create and transmit a standardized, high-quality biometric file consisting of a biometric sample and contextual data, to a database for recording or matching.

- Match. Accurately identify or verify the identity of an individual by comparing a standardized
biometric file to an existing source of standardized biometrics data and scoring the level of confidence of the match.

- Store. Enroll/input, update, and maintain biometric files to provide standardized, current
biometric information of individuals when and where required. Biometrics files are enrolled or
updated before they are stored.

- Share. Exchange standardized biometric files and match results among DOD, interagency, andmultinational partners according to applicable laws and policies.

- Analyze. The analyze activity provides the answer to the “so what” question of all other
activities. Link an individual’s biometric file with available associated information in an effort to
identify patterns and linkages, clarify status, and better inform the decision making process.

- Reference. Access databases of information on individuals for the purposes of analysis.

- Decide/act. Decide/act is the response by the operations owner (automated or human-in-the loop) to the results of the analysis of biometrics and referenced associated information described in the DOD biometric process. Personnel reaching a conclusion and take action based on the analysis results of biometric data, combined with corroborating analysis or nonbiometric

ANALYSIS

M-5. Analysis is paramount biometrics-enabled operations. The analysis of biometric data fuses
information obtained from biometric applications and information obtained from operational sources.

COLLECTION

M-6. Collection begins with the user requirement to capture a biometric sample (finger, face, hand, eye, voice, or DNA prints) and related contextual data from an individual (with or without the individual’s knowledge) with a biometric collection system.

The objective is to collect standardized, high-quality biometric files.

M-7. The execution of a collection action must be simple enough that any Service member, DOD civilian, or contractor can complete it with minimal training and equipment. Once a biometric sample and its contextual information are collected, thereby creating a standardized biometric file, the file is transmitted to the appropriate database for matching. The biometric source that receives the biometric file will acknowledge receipt of the transmitted biometric information.

DECISION

M-8. Decision is a fundamental component of successful biometric-enabled operations. A decision to act is the response by an analyst when the results of biometric analysis establish connections or linkages that support information requirements and decision points.

Biometric data should be fused with nonbiometric data to ensure that a full picture and situational understanding is achieved.

MATCHING

M-9. Matching begins with the receipt of a collected, standardized biometric file.

M-10. Matching consists of a one-to-one (verification) or one-to-many (identification) search. Verification and identification are described below:

Verification. In the case of a closed set (one-to-one) match to verify an individual’s claimed identity, the subject’s biometric data is compared to known biometric data within the database. Typically, a verification decision is rendered by the computer.
The result will be in the form of a “yes” or “no” decision associated with a specified level of
confidence.

Identification. In the case of an open set (one-to-many) identification match, the computer may determine that there is no match, one match, or multiple match candidates. In some cases, the final decision may be rendered by a computer; in other cases, the final decision may be verified by a human expert.

M-11. Once matching is complete, the collected biometric sample and contextual data are recorded into a database as a new biometric file or to update an existing biometric file.

REFERENCING

M-12. Referencing is integral to the successful analysis of biometrics data. It is the process of querying various databases of collected, associated information on individuals (intelligence, medical, human resources, financial, security, education, law enforcement) for the purpose of analysis.

SHARING

M-13. Sharing is the exchange of biometric files (biometric samples, contextual data) or match results with other organizations.

Among DOD-approved sources to ensure consistency across the enterprise.
Among DOD, interagency, and multinational partners, as appropriate.

STORING

M-14. Storing describes actions to enroll, maintain, and update biometric files within designated databases to support desired capabilities.

M-15. Storage requirements can be as complex as a data megacenter or as simple as a laptop computer, ....

- An authoritative source is the primary database of biometric information on a person.
- A local trusted source is a subset of the authoritative source and is established to accomplish a
specific requirement in support of a specific operational mission.
- A local untrusted source is a local database of biometric files that has not been connected with
an authoritative or local trusted source database. In many cases, local untrusted sources are established for short-duration missions or to satisfy political, policy, or legal restrictions related to the sharing of biometric information.

M-16. The authoritative databases and procedures for handling information on friendly forces are very different from the ways in which data on our adversaries are handled. By laws, regulations, and policies, DOD must manage these populations separately. The context and application of these authoritative sources and constraints on the use of data from these databases are distinct.

BIOMETRICS AUTOMATED TOOLSET

M-17. The Biometrics Automated Toolset is a suite of peer-to-peer enterprise network applications which consolidates an evolving set of biometric software and hardware that is capable of capturing, storing, and disseminating information and biometric data on threat personnel for the CI, HUMINT, military police, and MI communities.

DETAINEE OPERATIONS

M-19. Detainees within a detention facility are a lucrative source of information. The recent employment of Biometrics Automated Toolset has generated a significant number of reports from information provided by the detainees within detention facilities, much of it corroborated by other intelligence reporting. This unprecedented body of information has expanded our understanding of terrorist organizations and continues to prove invaluable. It has provided insights into their leadership structures, recruiting practices, funding
mechanisms, and relationships; and the cooperation between terrorist groups and training programs; and plans for attacking the U.S. and other countries. Military police forces must leverage existing biometrics technologies to support the overall mission through enhanced situational understanding and support to the commander’s decision cycle.

ENROLLMENT INTO THE DETAINEE REPORTING SYSTEM AND BIOMETRICS AUTOMATED
TOOLSET

M-20. The in-processing into an internment facility is a two-part process.

- The process begins in a Secure Internet Protocol Router Biometrics Automated Toolset System
to conduct an identity check.
- The detainee may have been enrolled at a lower echelon prior to being transported to the next
level internment facility, or he or she may have been previously enrolled into the biometric
database.

DETAINEE REPORTING SYSTEM

M-21. The first task is to enroll the detainee into the Detainee Reporting System.

DETAINEE TRACKING

M-23. Detainee tracking is a continual process, from capture to incarceration.

M-24. It is necessary to collect as much information as possible to determine whether detainee is to be released, detained locally for intelligence exploitation, or transferred to a facility for internment.

This provides a basis and foundation of documentation that will follow the detainee from initial capture to final internment in a facility.

End of Appendix M