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Author Topic: Haarp news ...  (Read 69854 times)
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« Reply #160 on: December 12, 2010, 12:53:02 PM »

  Opportunity at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)

...Optical Sensing of Ionospheric and Upper Atmospheric Structure and Dynamics...

...Space Vehicles Directorate, RV/Earth and Atmospheric Sciences...

...Hanscom Air Force Base, MA... 

Pedersen, Todd Ryan   todd.pedersen@hanscom.af.mil   781.377.2845

...Detection of optical emissions from the upper atmosphere is one of the few means of determining ionospheric and upper atmospheric structure and conditions over large regions. We seek to find improved ways to utilize optical emissions as a diagnostic for conditions in the natural and modified ionosphere. Efforts include development of image processing algorithms, optical filtering techniques, instruments and detectors, and techniques for assimilation of optical data into models. Techniques for automated recognition, detection, and tracking of disturbances such as polar cap patches, auroral arcs, or equatorial depletions will improve specification and forecast of ionospheric conditions and effects on systems. Accurate determination of motion, altitude profiles, reaction rates, species densities, or energy or current fluxes can provide input and constraints over large regions for assimilative or theoretical models otherwise dependent on small numbers of measurement points. Interest areas include the natural ionosphere at high, middle, and low latitudes; and artificial effects induced by chemical releases, spacecraft maneuvers, particle beams, or radio waves. Data sets may include measurements from either or both ground- and space-based systems, operating at night or during daylight. We are also interested in data quality control strategies including cloud detection and background light removal, as well as advanced techniques such as tomography or multispectral imaging. Our group maintains a large data base of optical images from locations around the world as well as a large suite of low-light imaging equipment, and also participates extensively in ionospheric modification experiments...
 
Journal of Geophysical Research 113: A11316, 2008
Annales Geophysicae 26(5): 1089, 2008
 
***Keywords...
Optical; Imaging; Remote sensing; Airglow; Aurora; Ionosphere; Active experiment; HF heating; Ionospheric modification;

Eligibility
Citizenship:  Open to U.S. citizens and permanent residents
Level:  Open to Regular and Senior applicants

http://nrc58.nas.edu/RAPLab10/Opportunity/Opportunity.aspx?LabCode=13&ROPCD=134007&RONum=B5812
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« Reply #161 on: December 13, 2010, 03:46:38 AM »

Nice. Fancy a winter in Alaska anyone? Smiley
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« Reply #162 on: December 13, 2010, 09:32:38 AM »

Nostradamus HF Radar

...A promotional video of the French Over The Horizon (OTH) radar, Nostradamus, which operates across 3-30 MHz...

http://www.southgatearc.org/news/june2010/nostradamus.htm
...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDnPS6U5JX4&feature=youtube_gdata_player
...
***maine...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GVPdJzfiJE&feature=youtube_gdata_player
...
***Nebraska...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nBKNoX8oB-8&feature=youtube_gdata_player
...
***Russia...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ijrpPPNs5Ek&feature=youtube_gdata_player
!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b_-CIKAsjGA&feature=youtube_gdata_player
!
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« Reply #163 on: December 14, 2010, 12:18:20 AM »

***let's go at this with dif angle...

-Haarp as described by the NRL-(Navy)
!2004!

...The High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program, jointly sponsored by the Office of Naval Research, the Air Force Research Laboratory, and DARPA...

...Radio waves of sufficient energy density are capable of temporarily modifying its electrical and physical properties within a small volume, enabling a new type of interactive research having application to a variety of Navy and DOD missions...

Generation of ELF/VLF Waves: Much of the research at the facility is focused on the generation of ELF/VLF because of the value of these frequencies to the Navy for undersea applications. Propagating radio waves in the ELF/VLF frequency range are generated at the lower edge of the ionosphere when high-power HF radio waves modulate the conductivity of the ionospheric D and E layers in the presence of a background or "electrojet" current. The practical utility of this technique for communication systems is dependent on improving the efficiency and reliability of this process. A recent experiment was performed at HAARP to study the scaling of the ionospherically generated ELF signal with power transmitted from the HF array. Results were in excellent agreement with computer simulations confirming that the ELF power increases with the square of the incident HF power. Furthermore, no saturation effects were observed indicating that !!! greater ELF generation efficiency is possible with greater incident power. !!!

Optical Emissions: The interaction of high-power radio waves with the ionospheric can produce faint optical emissions at specific wavelengths. Recent experiments at the HAARP Gakona Facility investigated the role of the HF beam pointing direction on the production of artificial airglow. The exciting result was that by !!! pointing the HF beam directly along a geomagnetic field line !!!!,  artificial emissions of greater than 200 Rayleighs (R) at 630.0 nm and greater than 50 R at 557.7 nm could be produced. This intensity was nearly an order of magnitude larger than that produced by heating directly overhead. Weak emissions of approximately 10 R were observed with effective radiated power (ERP) levels as low as 2 MW. These measurements have been repeated in other research campaigns with observations over a wide range of ionospheric conditions.1 Figure 6 shows the artificially generated emission at 557.7 nm that was obtained using the NRL CCD imager during one of the experiments. (The imager used in this research uses a high resolution, cooled CCD. It was developed by NRL's Plasma Physics Division and on loan to HAARP for the experiment.)

Lunar Radar Experiment: In another experiment, measurements were made of lunar radar cross-section by transmitting high-power radar pulses directly at the Moon from the HAARP facility and receiving the echo pulses with the WAVES radio receiver onboard the NASA/WIND spacecraft. This is the first time that such a lunar echo experiment has been done using a ground-based radar in combination with a spacecraft, a new approach to space research.2 During the two-hour experiment, the WIND satellite was about 40,000 km from the Moon's surface. Figure 7 is a 5-s interval of data showing the direct HAARP pulses (large peaks) and the lunar echo pulses (smaller peaks) received by the WAVES radio receiver. From the ratio of intensities of pairs of direct and echo pulses, we obtain an average lunar radar cross-section of about 15% relative to the geometric cross-section, with maximum values of about 50%. The HAARP transmissions were done at 8.075 MHz, a radio wavelength of 37 m; our measurements extend the spectrum of lunar radar cross-sections to the longest wavelength at which this experiment has been done.

...The lunar radar experiment provided evidence of high reflectivity locations on the lunar surface that may be associated with topographical features. This new technique for lunar radar measurements is ! free of scintillation effects caused by the Earth's ionosphere and provides a relatively clean measurement of the echo ! Thus, high power radars, such as HAARP, can bring an important new tool to lunar research, and future radar experiments with lunar-orbiting spacecraft can provide a new window on lunar topography...

...research results have added new knowledge to the field of ionospheric interactions in basic and applied radio science. A primary focus area of the research program addresses !communications and surveillance! needs of the Navy with the potential to enable new capabilities for undersea applications...

...references...
"Magnetic Zenith Enhancement of Artificial Airglow Production at HAARP," 
"The WIND-HAARP Experiment: Initial Results of High Power Radiowave Interactions with Space Plasmas,"

http://www.nrl.navy.mil/research/nrl-review/2004/atmospheric-science-and-technology/kennedy/

...

Scientists Detect Lowest Frequency Radar Echo From the Moon

!2007! NRL (Navy)

..."Analysis of the echo gives information on the properties of the lunar sub-surface topography, because the low frequency radar waves propagate to varying depths below the visible surface of the moon. It is somewhat like sonar, except that we are using electromagnetic waves rather than sound waves. The experiment also allows us to study the interaction of the echo signal with the earth's ionosphere along its return path, because the ionosphere is only partially transparent at low frequencies."...

...During the experiment, which was carried out on Oct. 28 and 29, 2007, the radar signals from HAARP were at 7.4075 MHz and 9.4075 MHz. Both the transmitted signal and the echo from the moon were detected by NRL Remote Sensing Division with antennas built for the Long Wavelength Array (LWA). LWA is a radio interferometer in the desert west of Socorro, N.M. ...

... The HAARP radar antenna array was "phased" to point about 45 degrees away from the zenith, in order to track and directly illuminate the moon. Its full total power capability, about 3.6 MW, was used to transmit pulses two seconds in length every five seconds over a period of two hours each day, one hour at each frequency. Using such a pulse pattern makes the echo, which arrives back from the moon 2.4 seconds later, immediately recognizable, allowing the scientists to distinguish the moon's echo signal from the HAARP signal. The HAARP signal reached the receiving antennas in New Mexico by reflecting off the underside of the ionosphere ...

***sidenote- that last paragraph reminds me of haarp confidential and how the local tribes got burned and radiated (holes in heaven)...

...The lunar echo measurements at 7.4075 MHZ are believed to be the lowest frequency (longest wavelength) at which bistatic radar measurements have been conducted...

http://www.nrl.navy.mil/pao/pressRelease.php?Y=2008&R=4-08r
...
AD-A514 972

High Frequency Radar Astronomy with Haarp

...2003 NRL (Navy) report...

***sidenotes-

... NRL/Nasa was conducting haarp-moon-WIND spacecraft experiments on and around Sept 13 2001...

...WINK hf array- U of TX ...

...LoFar radar...

... ! They are probing the SUN with haarp, of more interest !CME hole! ...

...previously the solar program was being conducted by none other than- SURA Russia and UTR2 Ukraine facilities... 

...moon-2.5 secs/sun-16 mins...

http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA514972

...
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« Reply #164 on: December 14, 2010, 06:49:58 AM »

The are hitting the sun with haarp beams? Have they lost their tiny minds ! What possible thing would they "achieve" from doing that !

Its not like they would get any "return" from it.

Idiots ! Some things should NOT be screwed with.

Another area for that project we discussed Try .
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« Reply #165 on: December 14, 2010, 07:07:43 AM »

AD-A106 281

  Field-Aligned Ionization Scatter Geometry Applied to Transequatorial Paths

ELECTRONICS RESEARCH LAB ADELAIDE (AUSTRALIA)

AUG 1980

...The mathematical description of the geometry for forward specular scattering of radio waves by field-aligned ionization irregularities has been extended to cover transequeatorial ray paths. The equations presented include expressions for paths involving either one scattering point in the same geomagnetic hemisphere as the transmitter, or two scattering points, one on each side of the geomagnetic equator...

...keywords...
*ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS, *MAGNETIC FIELDS, *SPECULAR REFLECTION, *IONOSPHERIC PROPAGATION, *FORWARD SCATTERING, EQUATORIAL REGIONS, GEOMAGNETISM, SCATTERING, POLARIZATION, PATHS, ALIGNMENT, GEOMETRY, IONIZATION, MATHEMATICS, AUSTRALIA, RADIO WAVES, HEMISPHERES, POINTS(MATHEMATICS), RADIOFREQUENCY WAVE PROPAGATION
...
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA106281
...
AD-D173 132

Theory of VHF Scattering by Field-Aligned Irregularities in the Ionosphere.

SIGNATRON INC LEXINGTON MA

SEP 1986

...The theory which describes the scattering of VHF radiowaves by anisotropic irregularities aligned along the earth's magnetic field is presented and applied to treat auroral scatter. Results which show the aspect sensitivity, polarization effects, antenna bandwidth effects and frequency dependence of auroral are presented. Keywords include: Field Aligned Scatter, Auroral Scatter, Anisotropic Scatter, and VHF Propagation...

...keywords...
*ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING, *AURORAE, *RADIO WAVES, *VERY HIGH FREQUENCY, GEOMAGNETISM, IONOSPHERE, PROPAGATION, MAGNETIC FIELDS, POLARIZATION, SENSITIVITY, ALIGNMENT, ANISOTROPY, ANTENNAS, BANDWIDTH.ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS RADIOFREQUENCY WAVE PROPAGATION
...
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA173132
...
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« Reply #166 on: December 14, 2010, 09:41:12 PM »

... NRL/Nasa was conducting haarp-moon-WIND spacecraft experiments on and around Sept 13 2001...

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« Reply #167 on: December 15, 2010, 03:30:20 AM »

wow.

I have yet to hear back from them over that reversal graph. Still, its early in alaska.
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« Reply #168 on: December 16, 2010, 07:11:23 PM »

LOIS- An HF/VHF deep space radar supplement to the LOFAR telescope

...Lois a Scandinavian initiative to build a LoFar subfacility including a software radar and first class infrastructure, to ENHANCE the space physics capability of LOFAR and to add some NEW TECHNOLOGIES...

-deep space probing- 

...solar atmosphere dynamics including Coronal Mass Ejections...
...solar wind ion acoustic turbulence...
...transition layers in the magnetosphere... 
...the lunar regolith...
...solar system objects including PLANETS and PLANETARY TOPSIDE IONOSPHERE...
!
http://www.lois-space.net/Publications/SantaFe020427-0501.pdf
!
...
Second LOIS Workshop, February 8-11, 2002
Växjö University, Växjö, Sweden   

!!!Issues to address!!!

How should the passive observation (reception of radio emissions) and the active probing (solar radar studies) of the solar corona be combined in the most optimum way in order to get maximum information on the solar processes?
What radar returns can be expected from turbulent transition layers in the solar wind and the magnetosphere (bow shock, magnetopause,...)?
What other experiments/studies of this kind have been undertaken?
What is the radar cross section of CMEs for our 20-200 MHz radar?
If our LOIS radar antenna gets as big as we want it, the near zone will extend almost to the moon! What kind of interesting new things can you do in the ionosphere/inner magnetosphere with a radar which operates in the near zone? Remember that we will have full control over the amplitude and phase of each antenna and may therefore, in the near zone, be able to focus our beam (both in transmission and reception) into a "hot spot".
How will the multi-station layout and the station interconnect be affected by the scientific/technological requirements?
How can we find the optimum beam-forming algorithm for getting the most flexible and sensitve/useful radar beam?

http://www.lois-space.net/Workshops/Vaxjo020208-11/index.shtml

...
Optimum frequency for the LOIS radar for investigation of CME events 

Feb 4 2002 

http://www.lois-space.net/Workshops/Vaxjo020208-11/OptimumFreq.pdf
...
First raw text by: Brett Isham

!!!forbidden access!!!

http://www.lois-space.net/Workshops/Vaxjo020208-11/isham_raw.html

...

First radio cartography of solar coronal mass ejection

...For the first time, a coronal mass ejection (or CME) has been mapped at radio-wavelengths, thanks to the radio-heliograph of Nançay: the expanding bubble that it forms around the Sun, was pictured in radio waves, bringing a much better understanding of the phenomena associated with these solar storms, which disturb all the interplanetary medium. Until now, the CME were photographed at large distances from the Sun only in the visible and the ultraviolet, mainly from space. This first image in the radio range brings today a new light on these violent matter ejections and their relationships to solar flares, very energetic particles, and radioelectric emissions...

...The radio astronomers of the Paris-Meudon Observatory, Monique Pick, Alain Kerdraon and Dalmiro Maia, in collaboration with Tim Bastian, of NRAO, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA and Angelos Vourlidas, of the !NRL!, Washington D.C., studied in detail the powerful CME of April 20, 1998...
 
The Nancay station for radio astronomy is a facility of the Paris Observatory. The Nancay Radioheliograph is funded by the French Ministry of Education, the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, and by the Region Centre. This research has also been supported by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales.

http://www.obspm.fr/actual/nouvelle/aug01/rcme.en.shtml

...

7th LOIS Workshop
June 16-18, 2008   
Växjö, Sweden

!!!big link!!!
http://www.lois-space.net/Workshops/Vaxjo080616-18/Presentations/index.shtml
...

Status of Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment (RICE)

http://www.lois-space.net/Workshops/Vaxjo080616-18/Presentations/hogan.pdf
...
Earth's electromagnetic environment- a challenge for space research and technological applications

!!!please read!!!
http://www.lois-space.net/Workshops/Vaxjo080616-18/Presentations/rothkaehl.pdf

...
Use of LOIS radio systems for observing natural and PUMPED ionospheric turbulence 

http://www.lois-space.net/Workshops/Vaxjo080616-18/Presentations/isham.pdf

!!!PLEASE READ!!!
...

http://fraktali.biz/chemtrail/pdf4.html
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« Reply #169 on: December 18, 2010, 01:57:57 PM »

-Haarp and HAM-

Call Sign: KL7ERP
Previous Call Sign: WL7CUF
Name:  
Address:  PO Box: 271
     MILEPOST 11.3
     GAKONA, AK 99586
Grant Date: 08/25/2007
Expired Date: 08/25/2017
Applicant Type: Amateur Club
Entity Type: Licensee or Assignee
Licensee ID: L00872466
SGIN: 000
Unique System Identifier: 614487
ULS File Number: 9705300316
FCC Registration Number (FRN): 0011023041
Vanity Call Sign Change: F
Trustee Call Sign: K3NS
Trustee Name: KENNEDY, EDWARD J

http://call-signs.findthebest.com/detail/399449/KL7ERP
...
   
KL0NT   BULLOCK JR, JAMES E   GAKONA   AK   Technician   Individual   02/20/2008
   
KL0NV   BULLOCK, JAN M   GAKONA   AK   Technician   Individual   02/20/2008
   
KL7ERP   HAARP AMATEUR RADIO CLUB   GAKONA   AK      Amateur Club   08/25/2007

http://call-signs.findthebest.com/directory/l/AK/GAKONA
...
OLE Virginia times

http://www.w4ovh.net/OVT0209.pdf
...
-nonlinear ionospheric effects-

...In "Gimme an X, Gimme an O" I described the NORMAL behavior of the ionosphere, with things that any ham can observe at ANY power level. I didn't even touch on the NON-LINEAR effects that occur at very high power levels. These are the effects that facilities such as HAARP, EISCAT, and many other similar facilities explore. This entire field of research began in 1933 with the discovery of the Luxembourg Effect (another great example of sheer accidental discovery!), where Radio Luxembourg, a high power shortwave station, was causing ionospheric cross modulation with a much weaker station in Switzerland. The process turned out to be a non-linear mixing process, much like a diode, which created both sums and differences, as well as many higher order products...

...Now the question often comes up as to HOW MUCH power do you need to see this sort of thing happen. We really need to divide this question into two distinct parts...

Part 1: Now much power do you need to have non-linear ionospheric effects? Not much. A few years ago, HAARP and HIPAS did very carefully controlled "power ramping" experiments to determine if there was some "threshold" power level necessary to get the Luxembourg effect. As it turned out, there WAS no threshold...in fact small mixing products could be detected at levels FAR below legal amateur power levels. Which brings us to part 2.'

Part 2: How much power do you need to NOTICE non-linear effects in the ionosphere? Answer: LOTS.

And, there are a few other effects like SEE which require LOTS and LOTS.

...SEE (Stimulated Electromagnetic Emission) is a phenomenon where you get a lower sideband R.F. signal with ONLY ONE pump signal. In other words, if you pump enough pure, unmodulated CW into the ionosphere, you get a second carrier frequency out, slightly below the input frequency. The difference between the LSB signal and the original carrier has no straightforward formula, and it's not even certain that there IS one. The frequency of the sideband DOES seem to depend on power level to some degree. This is just one of those really cool mysteries we don't have an answer for yet!...

You are not likely to ever see SEE.

...However, one non-linear effect that you may very well have encountered without knowing it is parametric amplification. This is a phenomenon, where under just the right conditions, the ionosphere can actually amplify signals. This can be reliably reproduced in plasma chambers...in the "wild' it's much less likely to happen, but it does occur on rare occasions. You are most likely to see this on 80 meters during "chordal hop" conditions, where the signal takes a long grazing path around the dark side of the ionosphere, when the ionosphere is very thin and very high (on the order of 600 km or more) Parametrically amplified signals have less than free space loss, which is really cool...if you can pull it off. Unfortunately these conditions are very hard to predict, but may be more common than thought!...

...Stay tuned for more weirdness. WE haven't even talked about long delayed echoes...which can be COMPLETELY accounted for by known magnetized plasma effects...

-pumping ions-

...Some of the non-linear effects of the ionosphere can be explained when you start looking at direct ion interactions with radio waves...

...Most of what we see in ionospheric propagation is due to the interaction of radio signals with free electrons. However, since ions are charge carriers you also have direct interaction with IONS. However, the LIGHTEST ion possible, the free proton, is 2000 times as massive as the electron. This means that you need at least 2000 times the EMF to see the same degree of action with the proton. However, most ions in the ionosphere are MUCH heavier than protons...most of them are MOLECULAR ions of oxygen or nitrogen, so the direct interaction effects are even less...

...But they are THERE, nevertheless. And, for the most part, these interactions are WEIRD...

...You have things like Ion Acoustic waves, Gravity Waves, Alfven waves, and more. And even more weird, you can set up long-term STRUCTURES in the ionosphere "bubbles" so to speak that have localized effects that you would never expect. As it turns out, he ionosphere is fairly "gummy" and retains features for a while after the thing causing the feature has come and gone!...

So, things are not what they seem!

"As we have ions, spots of high intensivity at various levels and so on, I don't see any wonder in fact, that somewhere above the earth, giant "diode" or even "triode" is being formed occassionally."

?The main question is, when mankind will learn to predict all that staff with practically usable accuracy?

...That's certainly a good question. We certainly can't do much about sunspots, but there's a lot we can do to take advantage of the channels and paths that DO exist...

...Ionosondes are very useful, but there really aren't enough of them; there are large holes in the coverage of existing ionosondes. However, a large network of receiving stations listening to WWV or other constant source would go a long ways towards determining optimum paths for H.F. communication. This is an area where hams can make a major contribution to the radio art...and with internet connections and SDRs readily available, this can be done!...
  
?Isn't turning suitable sections of the ionosphere on and off when required what HAARP is all about though?

...HAARP can't do anything to anything that's not already ionized...

"HAARP gets a lot of press for things it cannot do, like change your mood from half way around the world, or make you hear the voice of GOD." 

"...The ability of the ionosphere to mix signals at low levels makes sense since the solar wind, and cosmic rays have it already partially ionized..."

...Actually the ability to do mixing requires a non-linear voltage to current ratio some place, while the ability to do ANYTHING requires ionization.

...For LINEAR operation you need a long mean free path for electrons. This is what you actually have with HIGH ionization levels, where the electrons are well removed from their host ions. In this condition, the electrons simply form a highly conductive sheet, which can be extremely linear...

...It's actually at LOW levels of ionization that you see some of the most non linear effects, where you have lots of collisions between the electrons and their host ions (as well as a lot of reabsoprtion)....

http://forums.qrz.com/showthread.php?t=273313
...
Amateur Radio Operators Asked To Tune Into Lunar Radar Bounce

Jan 18 2008

...They are set to best that this weekend with yet another lunar echo experiment, and they are asking help from Amateur Radio operators the world over to tune in...

...In the previous experiment they utilized the LWA to receive the signals bounced off the moon. In the experiment which begins January 19th at 0500 UTC, HAARP scientists are asking Amateur Radio operators to listen in and send signal reports as to what they hear, or do not hear whatever the case may be...

...They concur that Hams equipped with a simple 40-meter dipole and basic HF radio should be able to receive the signal...

...The test will be ran January 19th on 6.7925 MHz from 0500-0600 UTC, and on 7.4075 MHz from 0600-0700 UTC. It will once again be ran January 20th on 6.7925 MHz from 0630-0730 UTC, and on 7.4075 MHz from 0730-0830 UTC...

http://www.moondaily.com/reports/Amateur_Radio_Operators_Tune_Into_Lunar_Radar_Bounce_999.html
...
N1IW Hears Moon on a Dipole!            
HAARP Moon Bounce Test, 20 January 2008

...Ken says, yep some of the YCCC guys posted something about a YouTube video of a Ham monitoring the event on Friday night. (http://youtube.com/watch?v=L5E2ntIxAsc)... 

...I quickly find the e-mail (http://www.arrl.org/?artid=7958) and note that day 2 of the test is currently under way. I mention this to Ken and JJ and quickly dial up 6792.5, the currently active frequency. I switch back and forth between the 160M OCFD and the 40M Carribean dipole and I hear something, but it is piss weak. I can see a very faint trace now on the waterfall display of my DMU-2000. Time to fire up the DXLAB WinWarbler application. Ken and JJ can both hear it too. Sure enough there it is: a 2 second CW tone followed by a 3 second wait. But what am I hearing, the HAARP transmitter or the reflection off the moon?...

...Well, the bottom of the hour is coming up and suddenly the signal is gone! Rats. But wait, the test doesn't end for another hour, they just changed frequency! So I dial up 7.407.5 CW and capture this image. Very cool. I can now hear both outbound and return signals clear as day on the Carribean 40M dipole. Moon reflection is louder most of the time. How did I determine which trace was the reflection? At the top of the hour there was a 30 second pause in the HAARP beacon and the high tone was the first one to appear when the transmissions resumed...

...My reception report:

Amateur Callsign: N1IW
Location: 42º 54’ N, 71º 16’ W (Derry, NH)
Receiver Configuration
Yaesu FT-2000
7.1 MHz dipole, E-W at 70 Ft
F = 7.4075 MHz
Mode CW (500 Hz sidetone)

Appears higher frequency tone is HAARP, lower is lunar echo (based upon first tone heard after 30 sec break at t=30 min)
Doppler shift ~ 7 Hz
Signal levels were S0 to S3
Lunar echo signal level nearly always stronger than HAARP...

...Thank you for your participation in the HAARP-LWA Moon Bounce experiments of 19 and 20 January 2008. We have received over 1500 reports from amateur radio hams throughout the USA and other countries, including Sweden, Finland, Czech Republic, Italy, Russia, Ukraine, Argentina, Australia, Marshall Islands, Hawaii, and Japan. We apologize if we have not listed your country; we have not yet been able to review all reports. These reports will help us to understand the propagation characteristics of the HAARP skywave and lunar echoes. As we review your reports we plan to post on the HAARP website further information learned from these experiments...

http://www.w1hh.org/joomla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=1
...
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« Reply #170 on: December 18, 2010, 09:58:09 PM »

4 part video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EyYS84Wk7XY&feature=youtube_gdata_player
...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yk9Ts6pfUrM&feature=youtube_gdata_player
...
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Ldeumg1Tfg&feature=youtube_gdata_player
...

***standby for 4of4...

!!!
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« Reply #171 on: December 18, 2010, 10:23:45 PM »

4of4

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pt0MHujp6cs&feature=youtube_gdata_player
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« Reply #172 on: December 19, 2010, 09:41:11 AM »

The Precision Expandable Radar Calibration Sphere PERCS

...Oct 17 2008...

...Navy Research Laboratory...

Objectives:
...provide HF radar calibration target using spherical wire frame...
Purpose:
 -Calibration of antenna patterns for space wearther radars
 -construct model for RCS testing
 -constuct space flight version
 -launch into low earth orbit

...provide optical calibrator for laser tracking system...
Purpose:
 -to calibrate laser tracking and imaging
 - add corner cube reflectors to earth vertex of wire frame
 - obtain precise measurements of sphere position and orientaion
 - measure electrodynamic drag on satellites in low earth orbit

... Study deployment, characteristics, and plasma interactions of Large Polyhedral Stuctures in orbt ...
Purpose:
 - determine limits on construction and lifetime of large wire frames in space
 - demonstate automated deployment in space
 - study electrodynamic drag to magnetic field interactions with large wire frame in space
 - study electric field EXCITATION by HIGH POWER ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES

... Deployable spheres ...
V80 V180 V240

...HF Ionospheric Modification Facilities...
-HIPAS HAARP Platteville Arecibo Jicamarca Eiscat Sura-

...PERCS V180 with 1000 fold increase in volume...***think X37b...

... GlOBAL NEEDS ...
 -world wide calibration of SuperDarn
 -validation of HF Heater Patterns
 -laser tracking and imaging of satellites
 -deployment of large structures

Participants:
 -SuperDarn and Space Weather Radars
 -NSF, USA
 -APL, USA
 -UN. Of Saskatchewan, Canada
 -UN. Of Leicester, England

... Haarp, Eiscat, Arecibo, Sura HEATING
 -NRL, USA haarp
 -AFRL, USA haarp
 -EISCAT Tromso Norway
 -UN. Of Lancaster, England
 -Arecibo Observatory, Puerto Rico

... Optical and Laser tracking sites ...
 -NRL Optical Test Facility (OTF) USA
 -Haleakala Optical Sites Hawaii

... Hoberman Associates on contract to NRL starting 2007...
 -designs complete v60 v80 v180 v240
 -v80 up to 26mhz and at 30mhz
 -v180 up to 36mhz and at 50mhz
 -PERCS radio science paper Jan 2008
 -FUNDING proposal to ONR/AFOSR DURIP through Cornell UN.
!!!
http://cddis.gsfc.nasa.gov/lw16/docs/presentations/ops_9_Bernhardt.pdf
!!!
***more to come...
 
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« Reply #173 on: December 19, 2010, 10:09:55 AM »

NRL Radio Beacon and Radar Calibration Instuments for small satellites

http://cedarweb.hao.ucar.edu/workshop/archive/2007/workshops/Bernhardt_ss07.pdf
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« Reply #174 on: December 19, 2010, 11:21:46 AM »

AD-A277 469

High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) IMAGER

...sept 30 1993...

...a low light level monochromatic imaging system was designed and fabricated, which was optimized to detect and record optical emissions associated with HIGH POWER RF HEATING of the IONOSPHERE. The instrument is capable of detecting VERY LOW INTENSITIES, of the order of 1 Rayleigh, from typical ionospheric atomic and moleculer emissions. This is achieved through co adding of ON images during HEATER PULSES, and subtraction of OFF (background) images between pulses. Images can be displayed and analyzed in real time, and stored on optical disc for later analysis. Full image processing software is provided, which was customized fir this application and uses menu or mouse user interaction.
...
http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA277469
...
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« Reply #175 on: December 19, 2010, 10:10:04 PM »

NPOESS instruments continue their missions  

Dec 16-17 2010

!!!...Despite the SPLIT of the joint NOAA-NASA-DoD project the instruments planned for the mission ARE STILL HEADED FOR SPACE...!!!

...Scheduled for launch in Oct 2011, NPP is designed to yield smoothness with NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites for meridian observations and to yield a operational continue village with risk rebate for a subsequent era of continue satellites. An matching satellite called JPSS-1 was systematic in Sep 2010 for launch in 2014...

...Initiated in 1994, a National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) was designed to be this country’s next-generation satellite complement for monitoring weather, atmosphere, oceans, land, and a near-space environment. The launch date was approaching to be 2013, with a initial NPOESS satellite carrying a horde of worldly sensors and other equipment...

...It was dictated that a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and a Department of Defense (DOD) would combine to build one satellite complement to accumulate this data...

...However, after countless cost overruns and delays in growth over a years, a White House motionless to restructure a module in Feb 2010. Now, instead of a tri-agency approach, “NOAA and NASA have teamed adult to rise a Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), that will hoop a afternoon frigid orbit, and DOD will emanate a Defense Weather Satellite System (DWSS) to cover a early morning orbit,” says John Leslie, communications orator for NOAA. (The European Organization for a Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites will continue to yield a U.S. with mid-morning information from a MetOp satellites.)...

...JPSS-1, a initial satellite, is being readied for a 2014 launch. The on-board instruments for capturing a high-resolution information indispensable to guard Earth’s changing meridian will be a same as a instruments creatively designed for NPOESS — a Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), Clouds and a Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), and Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS)...

...Scheduled for launch in Oct 2011, NPP is designed to yield smoothness with NASA’s Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites for meridian observations and to yield a operational continue village with risk rebate for a subsequent era of continue satellites. An matching satellite called JPSS-1 was systematic in Sep 2010 for launch in 2014. (NOAA graphic)...

...Initiated in 1994, a National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) was designed to be this country’s next-generation satellite complement for monitoring weather, atmosphere, oceans, land, and a near-space environment. The launch date was approaching to be 2013, with a initial NPOESS satellite carrying a horde of worldly sensors and other equipment...

...It was dictated that a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and a Department of Defense (DOD) would combine to build one satellite complement to accumulate this data...

...However, after countless cost overruns and delays in growth over a years, a White House motionless to restructure a module in Feb 2010. Now, instead of a tri-agency approach, “NOAA and NASA have teamed adult to rise a Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS), that will hoop a afternoon frigid orbit, and DOD will emanate a Defense Weather Satellite System (DWSS) to cover a early morning orbit,” says John Leslie, communications orator for NOAA. (The European Organization for a Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites will continue to yield a U.S. with mid-morning information from a MetOp satellites.)...

...JPSS-1, a initial satellite, is being readied for a 2014 launch. The on-board instruments for capturing a high-resolution information indispensable to guard Earth’s changing meridian will be a same as a instruments creatively designed for NPOESS — a Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS), Clouds and a Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), and Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS)....

-Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)-
!
-The Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite-
!
!!!Built by Raytheon’s Space and Airborne Systems Division, VIIRS will collect information about windy cloud conditions, Earth’s deviation bill (how many appetite a Earth receives from a object and how many a Earth radiates behind to outdoor space as invisible light), clear-air land/water surfaces, sea-surface temperature, sea color, and low-light manifest imagery!!!

...VIIRS is versed with multi-band imaging capabilities to support a merger of high-resolution windy imagery. “VIIRS will work in 22 bright bands trimming in wavelength from about 0.4 microns to 12 microns,” says Jeff Puschell, VIIRS’s arch scientist. “It also has a radiometrically calibrated low-light turn rope that will yield scarcely consistent 0.7 km spatial fortitude manifest wavelength imagery-day and night-across a whole 3000 km VIIRS swath width. Compared to stream operational assets, VIIRS offers 4 times softened bright coverage and 3 times softened spatial fortitude during finish of scan, enabling crook fortitude over a incomparable area. VIIRS uses an innovative spatial sampling proceed to furnish many crook imagery opposite a whole swath out to underside angles of some-more than 58 degrees.”...

...“These sensors have been dramatically softened compared to before operational assets,” adds Karen St. Germain, behaving JPSS module scientist. “It’s like going from a black-and-white TV shade to high-definition color. And a rarely supportive day/night rope can ‘see’ on a dim side of earth, regulating really small light thoughtfulness from a moon.”...

-Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)-

...OMPS will continue a long-term goal of invariably recording ozone measurements from space. These tellurian information products will be identical to those from a Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer and a Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, though with JPSS-2 (2018 launch) will have many aloft fealty from a new high straight fortitude prong form data...

...OMPS is designed to significantly outperform a predecessors. Built by Ball Aerospace and Technologies, a executive that is also providing a JPSS platform, OMPS incorporates an modernized nadir-viewing sensor and a rarely innovative limb-viewing sensor to guard changes in a earth’s stratospheric ozone...

...Measurements from a underside sensor are used to beget sum mainstay ozone measurements, with softened than 50 x 50 km fortitude during nadir; limb-sensor measurements beget ozone profiles of a along-track prong sparse solar glow with 1-km straight sampling. Both sensors will say long-term information product fortitude by periodic solar irradiance measurements...

-Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)-

...This hyperspectral instrument designed by ITT Geospatial Systems will yield forecasters with a many modernized windy measurements possible. “The higher-resolution measurements for temperature, pressure, and steam will be tremendously profitable for real-time continue prediction,” says St. Germain...

...CrIS employs a Michelson interferometer to yield high-resolution infrared spectra of a earth’s upwelling radiation. It provides 1305 bright channels covering a operation from 4.6 to 15.4 microns, with a bright fortitude as excellent as 0.625 wavenumbers. Advanced mercury-cadmium-telluride focal craft arrays (FPAs) yield a 3 x 3 array of 14-km pixels, that cover a 2200-km far-reaching swath opposite a earth each 8 seconds. The FPAs are cooled passively to temperatures as low as 81K for limit sensitivity. CrIS includes onboard radiometric and bright calibration sources to urge a dimensions accuracy...

...“CrIS will be a immeasurable alleviation over a before era of NOAA operational sounders in terms of a many incomparable series of bright channels (1305 contra 20) and radiometric accuracy,” indicates Rob Mitrevski, ITT Geospatial Systems’ clamp boss and ubiquitous manager for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnoitering systems. “It will perform likewise to NASA’s Atmospheric Infrared Sounder, that has proven a value of hyperspectral sounders for meteorological forecasting.”...

-Clouds and Earth Radiant Energy System (CERES)-

...After some-more than a decade in orbit, a Clouds and a Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) continues to broadcast information on both solar-reflected and Earth-emitted deviation from a tip of a atmosphere to a Earth’s surface. CERES information is used to softened know a purpose of clouds and a appetite cycle in tellurian meridian change...

...CERES utilizes 3 sensor assemblies with cassegrain optics and thermistor bolometer detectors. Sensors magnitude thermal deviation in a near-visible by far-infrared bright region. Each scanner has 3 channels: a shortwave channel measures reflected object (0.3 to 5 microns) to 1 percent accuracy; a longwave channel measures earth-emitted deviation (8 to 12 microns) to 0.3 percent accuracy; and a sum channel (0.3 to 50 microns) accurate to 0.5 percent. The sensor channels are coaligned and mounted on a shaft that rotates about a betterment axis...

...The final CERES instrument, Model 6, will fly on JPSS-1. After that an softened chronicle of CERES, that will be called a Earth Radiation Budget Sensor (ERBS), will be built for JPSS-2. Northrop Grumman will broach this newest sensor to NASA in 2012...

-Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS)-

...ATMS is a next-generation satellite x-ray instrument that sees by clouds to magnitude windy temperature, moisture, and vigour during several altitudes of a atmosphere. “The biggest change in record compared to before ATMS models is that we can now make measurements with one instrument instead of three,”. “The extended calibration fealty delivers longer-term stability, that is ideal for identifying trends in meridian change over a longer-term record.”...

...Designed by Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems, a JPSS-1 ATMS instrument incorporates InP foundry process, low sound amplifier monolithic x-ray integrated circuits (nine singular designs), and K, Ka, W and V-band receiver modules. The section also includes radio magnitude front-end modules, that capacitate a ATMS to cover broader x-ray frequencies (23 to 183 Ghz opposite 22 channels)...

-DWSS and Beyond-

...The DWSS satellites will underline 3 instrument packages: VIIRS, a Space Environmental Monitoring (SEM) sensor, and a x-ray sensor. SEM provides information on “space weather” — charged particles that might have damaging effects on communications, navigation, and satellite and aircraft operation. DWSS will be versed with a latest visible/IR, microwave, and space-weather sensors to yield softened spatial and bright resolution, fast information delivery, and increasing goal life. Enhanced Department of Defense operational capabilities embody being means to distinguish clouds from dirt to support atmosphere operations, for example...

...The form of x-ray sensor DWSS will lift has nonetheless to be determined. The x-ray instrument will magnitude dirt moisture, windy temperatures, dampness profiles, precipitation, and sea-surface winds. These measurements are used for continue displaying and prophecy and, total with VIIRS imagery data, concede belligerent army to devise maneuvers some-more safely and effectively...

...Northrop Grumman Aerospace Systems is obliged for building a satellite height and handling instrument subcontractors and altogether complement integration. The initial JPSS booster will launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California, someday in 2014; a second satellite launch is designed for 2018...
...
http://crazygreco.com/Weather/npoess-instruments-continue-their-missions/
...
http://spie.org/x43762.xml?highlight=x2420&ArticleID=x43762
...
DID » Corporation » Boeing » Program Split Flows From NPOESS Polar Satellite Program Crisis  

...Oct 2010...

-Nov 2005 DID Op/Ed: How About “Good Enough, and Working”?-

...Given the level of difficulties experienced by this program to date, and the red ink in multiple US satellite programs, we’re surprised that a “cut-down NPOESS” option isn’t being floated as an alternative. The option of cutting new sensor arrays that are giving trouble and reverting to proven technologies might least be costed/scheduled out as a possible alternative in the reviews, as a potential option to help put the program closer to budget and possibly even back on schedule. With potential coverage gaps cited as a future risk, the schedule plusses alone could be decisive...

...Then again, perhaps this option was floated....

...“Earlier this year, as it became apparent the cost overruns associated with sensor development activity would exceed available reserves, we developed options for how to proceed with the overall program. We submitted more than 30 options to our customer and more recently, the Independent Program Assessment team, and anticipate receiving direction in early 2006 on the path forward.”...

...One would hope that a less-modernized NPOESS was one of those options, and that this option is receiving serious consideration. Budget funds are limited, and the USA’s consistent satellite program overruns are storing up long-term difficulties and cutbacks for other important areas of military modernization...

...Some programs like SBIRS really are “no way out” options. NPOESS is indeed important, but we remain unconvinced that the marginal benefits described in Lautenbacher’s November 2005 Congressional testimony would really make enough difference on the ground to justify the costs, schedule, and even coverage risks that the required sensors are creating. For instance, even another 24 hours of warning – which would represent a huge capability improvement – would not have significantly changed the situation on the ground during Hurricane Katrina...

-Aug 23/02-

...The Department of the Air Force, the Department of Commerce (DoC) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are announcing a $4.5 billion contract to provide for the National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) acquisition and operation contract to TRW Space and Electronics. The acquisition and operation effort will include:

-Completing development of the NPOESS sensor payloads
-Sensors and integration support for the NPOESS Preparatory Project test mission
-Development and delivery of support, data processing and ground control hardware and software
-Development of the NPOESS space segment and integration with the launch segment
-Ongoing test, validation and calibration activities
-Production of two NPOESS spacecraft; and Operation of the NPOESS constellation through fiscal year 2011.

...The contract includes options that provide for replenishment NPOESS spacecraft and operation of the NPOESS constellation from FY 2012 through FY 2018. The locations of performance are TRW Space and Electronics in Redondo Beach, CA (35%), Raytheon in Aurora, CO (27%) and other locations. At this time, $46 million of the funds have been obligated, and further funds will be obligated as individual delivery orders are issued. Solicitation began February 2002, negotiations were completed July 2002, and work will be complete by November 2015 (F04701-02-C-0502)....

-Stormy Weather – NPOESS’ Rocky Ride-

...When dissatisfaction finally boiled over into crisis, NPOESS was one of several American satellite systems known for cost overruns, and the program was also noted specifically in the most 2005 DoD Selected Acquisition Reports for breaching Nunn-McCurdy cost growth caps...

...Studies and reports eventually concluded that a large part of NPOESS’ problem was self-inflicted, stemming from a tri-agency “governance” structure that was unmanageable, and unable to reconcile different requirements or make good decisions in a timely manner. Technical challenges also contributed, and the program’s decision structure often made them worse...

...While the ground-based component of NPOESS was on budget and on schedule, the same could be said of its sensors. Under the NPOESS program, 14 different sensors were being developed; 7 were new or modified designs, and the other half have designs similar or identical to already-built instruments. The new NPOESS sensors are intended to provide higher quality data, increase the satellites’ ability to see through clouds, and beam the information back more often than current polar satellites. Given that satellites provide over 90% of the data used in weather forecasting models, these improvements would translate into more sophisticated weather models, better forecasts, and earlier warnings...

!That innovation came at a cost!

...In a November 2005 hearing, Dr. Livanos of Northrop-Grumman estimated that fully 80% of the project delays and budget issues were sensor related. NOAA Administrator Vice-Adm. Conrad Lautenbacher (ret.), meanwhile, specifically noted the Raytheon-led Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Boeing-led Conical Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS) as key potential areas for further cost and schedule risk...

...“It is now clear that, almost from the outset, decisions were made with too little analysis of the technical challenges involved in building NPOESS. It is clear that contracts were awarded at prices that did not take into account the technical risks the program faced. And it is clear that the program was inadequately supervised, allowing problems to fester and worsen before being addressed. What’s not so clear is whether these inadequacies are behind us…”...

...For instance, one of the most controversial decisions at the time of those hearings was the fact that NOAA and the Defense Department apparently chose not to seek additional funding in FY 2006 and 2007. Yet prime contractor Northrop-Grumman testified that increased funds in those years would significantly reduce life cycle costs, help resolve looming technical problems sooner, decrease the risk of a gap in weather satellite coverage, and increase the chances that the NPOESS development program overall will be successful...

...To add fuel to the fire, there have also been repeated and bipartisan complaints from the Science Committee that NOAA has withheld information on NPOESS in the past. NOAA (which is under the US Department of Commerce) attributed document delays to the slow inter-agency approval process, but pledged to do better...

...“NPOESS is a program in crisis…. The current direction for the program is at a standstill, as options are being weighed to minimize cost overruns, schedule delays, and affects on users…. Management problems at multiple levels – subcontractor, contractor, program office, and executive leadership – have contributed to these cost and schedule issues.”...

...Aviation Week reported that between the time the overruns came to light earlier in 2005 and the November hearings, the former NPOESS Integrated Project Office system director had resigned, prime contractor Northrop Grumman had replaced its NPOESS program manager, and Raytheon has brought in a new team to oversee the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). Other changes include altering chain of command structures and the flow of information, increasing communication between Northrop Grumman and its subcontractors (over 70% of the program is subcontracted), and commissioning external reviews of the VIIRS component and the cost and schedule estimates for the program as a whole...

...NOAA Administrator Lautenbacher said at the time that he was not convinced that more money was what the program needs in the short term, although he would be willing to ask for them in a supplemental budget request if the NPOESS executive committee deems it necessary. That line was held, and a 1-year restructuring took place in 2006-2007 in order to put the project back on solid footing...

...That restructuring did more than change the way the project was managed. A number of planned sensors were removed from the program, lowering the final product’s capabilities but removing items that were creating cost and schedule problems. Fortunately, NPOESS is designed to host a wide variety of sensors on a common spacecraft bus. The satellites have power and deck space to accommodate growth, along with high data throughput and extremely accurate pointing and stability. This will allow the satellites to accommodate de-manifested sensors and future sensors at less cost, and the restructuring opens the door to re-integration of some of the removed sensors if time and funds permit...

...In the end, however, a White House Office of Science and Technology report concluded that NPOESS’ management structure was unsalvageable, and the program could not be executed within its existing mandate and budget even if its governance changed. By the time that February 2010 decision had been made, the NPOESS Preparatory Project, a risk reduction satellite flying NPOESS sensors, had slipped from a 2009 launch to a late 2011 launch. It would be kept, but the NPOESS project would not, and neither would Northrop Grumman’s contract...

-Sept 27/02-

...TRW in Redondo Beach, CA received a $48.7 million cost-plus award-fee contract modification to provide for design activities, including hardware and software modifications, necessary to incorporate the FT1394a data interface into the Crosstrack Infrared Sounder and the Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Sensors supporting the NPOESS. This effort also includes integration of Redundant Dood Latches and Telescope Launch Locks into the VIIRS sensors.

...The locations of performance are Raytheon Co. Electronic Systems, Santa Barbara Remote Sensing, in Goleta, CA (47%), and other locations. At this time, no funds have been obligated. Solicitation began September 2002, negotiations were completed in September 2002, and work will be complete by March 2005. The Headquarters Space and Missile Systems Center in Los Angeles, CA issued the contract (F04701-02-C-0502)...

-Sept 16/03-

... A $15.7 million cost-plus award-fee contract modification to provide for integration of the zone mapping profiler suite sensor onto the NPOESS preparatory project satellite scheduled for launch in FY2006. This flight will permit evaluation of critical sensor performance prior to the launch. This effort will be performed by Northrop Grumman in Redondo Beach, CA (40%), and Raytheon in Aurora, CO (60%). Negotiations were completed May 2003, and work will be complete by November 2015 (F04701-02-C-0502, P00021)...

-Feb 13/04-

...A $391.2 million cost-plus-award-fee contract modification to provide for the replan of the acquisition and operations contract for the NPOESS. This replan adjusts the program to match the funding profile by effecting the following schedule changes: availability of the NPOESS C1 satellite shifts from March 2008 to November 2009 and availability of the C2 satellite shifts from February 2009 to June 2011. This action also provides for 10 engineering changes that reduce technical risk and enhance system capabilities. The locations of performance are Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp. in Redondo Beach, CA, and other locations. No funds have been obligated. Negotiations were completed November 2003, and work will be complete by June 2011 (F04701-02-C-0502, P00026)...

-June 2/04-

...a $5.3 million cost-plus award-fee contract modification. This covers a Svalbard Initial Mission Recovery (SIMR) Modification to the NPOESS, to allow the Svalbard, Norway, ground station to recover data from the Navy’s Wind Sat/Coriolis mission, provide routing of mission data for NASA missions, and options to recover data for Commerces Polar Orbiting Operating Environmental Satellite mission. SIMR will also serve as a risk-reduction effort for the NPOESS preparatory project data reception and routing. Locations of performance are: Raytheon Co. in Aurora, CO, and Kongsberg Satellite Service as (subcontractor to Raytheon) N-9292 in Tromso, Norway. No funds have been obligated. Negotiations were completed May 2004, and work will be complete by October 2006 (F04701-02-C-0502)...

-Nov 18/05-

... Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp. in Redondo Beach, CA received a $12.3 million cost plus award fee contract modification to the National Polar-orbiting Operating Environmental Satellite Systems (NPOESS). The Acquisition and Operations Contract will incorporate a Contract Change Proposal to transfer the Conical Scanning Microwave Imager Sounder (CMIS) momentum wheel compensation responsibility from Boeing Satellite System (BSS) to Northrop Grumman Space Technology...

...The locations of performance are Northrop Grumman Space and Missions Systems Corporation, Redondo Beach, CA (51%) and Honeywell International Incorporated, Defense and Space Electronics Systems in Glendale, AZ (25%) (F04701-02-C 0502/P00054)....

...This is a small window into one of the changes now underway. The NPOESS Satellite design includes a large spinning reflector as part of the CMIS sensor, which requires Momentum Wheel Assemblies (MWAs) to compensate for the torque and momentum applied to the spacecraft. The baseline design had Boeing Satellite supplying the MWAs as part of the CMIS Sensor. However, during development of a CMIS radio frequency interference mitigation change, it was recognized that CMIS faults could result in spacecraft level faults. Trade studies revealed that if the spacecraft attitude control subsystem developed by Northrop Grumman performed momentum compensation for CMIS, them CMIS-related anomalies would have lower impact on the overall mission performance...

-April 3/06-

..A $16.7 million cost-plus award fee contract modification covers an Engineering Change proposal to mitigate the adverse effects of radio frequency interference on the Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS) instrument, stemming from man-made radio frequency transmitters on the ground. The modification will result in a redesign of the system to incorporate sub-banding. The CMIS is being developed by Boeing Satellite System (BSS), a subcontractor to Northrop Grumman Space Technology, and this change affects both satellites in the phase of this contract. The National Environmental Satellite, Data and Information Service in Silver Springs, MD issued the contract (FO4701-02-C-0502/P00057)...

-July 10/06-

...A $18.4 million cost-plus-award-fee contract modification to incorporate ECP-11 trusted computer security evaluation criteria requirements; Department of Defense (DoD) Directive 8500, and federal information processing standards (FIPS) 140-2 into the national polar-orbiting environmental satellite system acquisition and operations contract. At the time of contract award, DoD Directive 5200.28 governed information assurance; DoD Directive 8500.1 governed information assurance and D0D instruction 8500.2 updated the standard for information assurance. DoD 8500 also cited another updated requirement for FIPS 140-2 security requirements for cryptographic module, which precludes the use of unvalidated cryptography for cryptographic protection of unclassified (sensitive or valuable) data in all federal systems. Negotiations were complete in September 2005, and work will be complete April 2012 (F04701-02-C-0502/P00049)...

-April 9/07-

...The Pentagon releases its April 2007 Selected Acquisition Report, and NPOESS is one of the systems covered:

...“Program costs decreased by $2,649.6 million (-19.2 percent) from $13,810.2 million to $11,160.6 million, due primarily to the decisions made as a result of a Nunn-McCurdy certification process that concluded in June 2006. The findings and recommendations coming out of the Nunn-McCurdy certification resulted in significant changes to the satellite procurement quantity, launch dates, sensor payloads, and funding. The Conical Scanning Microwave Imager/Sounder (CMIS) and seven other sensors were demanifested from the program (-$570.6 million), the development baseline program was restructured (-$506.2 million), the quantity of procurement satellites was reduced from 4 to 2 (-$594.5 million), the procurement baseline program was restructured (-$772.2 million), and the procurement costs were reduced due to the demanifestation of the sensors (-$292.1 million).”...

-July 30/07-

...Northrop Grumman Corporation announces that it has finished restructuring the NPOESS program, working in conjunction with the government’s tri-agency NPOESS Integrated Program Office. This represents the end of a rigorous year-long effort to re-plan virtually every aspect of the NPOESS program, and the Northrop Grumman-led team has now been on cost and on schedule for the past 21 months. Significant progress has been made, including:

...*Completing testing on the Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) engineering development model and starting integrated sensor testing on the VIIRS first flight unit; *Completing key NPP spacecraft temperature and ambient tests; *Developing initial versions of all the end-product environmental data record algorithms; *Successfully commanding the NPP spacecraft using the NPOESS/NPP command, communication and control system in NOAA’s Satellite Operations Facility; *Completing development of the satellite and ground control system for the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP), a risk reduction mission; *Completing 4 out of 5 planned iterations of the ground mission data processing software...

-July 30/07-

... A cost-plus-award-fee with multiple incentives contract modification for $2.34 billion. This modification will incorporate Engineering Change Proposal (ECP-13) Restructure to the NPOESS Acquisition and Operations Contract as directed by the NPOESS Acquisition Decision Memorandum (ADM) dated June 5/06. At this time, no funds have been obligated. Work will be complete September 2016 (F04701-02-C-0502/P00072)....

-The key features of the modification-

...2 Engineering Manufacturing Development (EMD) satellites with a production option for 2 additional satellites.
...Revised fee structure with emphasis on incentives for cost, schedule and technical performance.
...The sensor suite has been reworked to conform to the ADM direction.
!!!...5 sensors were removed from the manifest to reduce risk.!!!

-Oct 31/07-

...Raytheon announces that they have worked with Northrop Grumman Corp. and the National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Integrated Program Office (IPO) to successfully hand the NPOESS command, control and communications segment (C3S) over to the operations and support team. This milestone culminated more than 4 years of development, and includes all C3S hardware and software needed for the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) mission...

...Northrop Grumman is the prime contractor and has overall responsibility for the program development effort; Raytheon IIS is part of their NPOESS team...

-Sept 25/08-

...Kongsberg Satellite Services AS announces a NOK 100 million (about $16.1 million) contract from Raytheon for operation of the NPOESS satellite program from October 2011 – September 2016. Kongsberg Satellite Services shall among other things offer services to the NASA NPP (NPOESS preparatory Program) satellite as well as the upcoming NPOESS satellites...

...Kongsberg Satellite Services is owned by Kongsberg Defense and Aerospace (50%) and the Norwegian Space Centre (50%). The company has its main office in Tromso, and operates satellite control and data reception facilities in Tromso, Svalbard, Grimstad and in Antarctica...

-Feb 18/09-

... Northrop Grumman announces that the NPOESS’ first Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) flight unit, including both the OptoMechanical Module and the Electronics Module, passed vibration testing at Raytheon in early February...

...Vibration testing is designed to ensure that the VIIRS science instrument will still work after the stresses involved in a rocket launch. Next comes the final test overall: an April 2009 thermal vacuum test designed to ensure that the satellite can survive the harsh space environment. The first VIIRS sensor is scheduled to fly aboard the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) satellite, to be launched in late 2010...

-May 20/09-

...ALCAN Builders Inc. in Fairbanks, AK received an $11.7 million firm-fixed-price contract to construct the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Satellite Operations Facility, Fairbanks, Alaska. This project will replace the current operations facility with a new stat of the art facility, which will support the NOAA polar-orbiting satellite program...

...Work is to be performed in Fairbanks, AK with an estimated completion date of Oct 30/11. Bids were solicited on the World Wide Web with 1 bid received by the U.S. Army Engineer District, Alaska at Elmendorf Air Force Base (W911KB-09-C-0018)...

-July 20/09-

...Northrop Grumman announces that its Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) has completed its Manufacturing Readiness Review (MRR), clearing the way for production...

...The ATMS Flight 2 instrument is slated to fly on the first NPOESS satellite in 2014. It will provide critical microwave data, including atmospheric temperature and moisture profiles, to support weather forecasting. Northrop Grumman also builds the Radio Frequency Front End Modules, which enable ATMS to cover broad microwave frequencies from 23 – 183 Ghz, across 22 channels...

...ATMS Flight 1 was completed in 2005 and has been integrated on the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) satellite, which is scheduled to launch in January 2011...

-Sept 10/09-

...Northrop Grumman Corporation announces that it’s beginning to an Electrical Engineering Model Test Bed (EEMTB) high-fidelity electrical model of the NPOESS satellite. It’s capable of “test as you fly,” real-time, closed-loop testing, and it use marks NPOESS’ transition to the final phase of spacecraft development...

...The NPOESS MTB has been completed early, ahead of spacecraft integration and test, in order to provide early validation of the satellite’s electrical performance. New hardware will be integrated into it over the coming year...

-Jan 20/10-

...Northrop Grumman announces the delivery of Raytheon’s Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) to the NPOESS program. As part of the NPOESS system, VIIRS will provide highly detailed color imagery of clouds, vegetation, snow cover, dust storms and other environmental phenomena...

...The sensor will be integrated on to the NPOESS Preparatory Project spacecraft, which will be launched in 2011. A second VIIRS flight unit scheduled for deployment on the first NPOESS spacecraft, known as C1, is “maturing steadily. Component production is in progress and build up of the sensor is on-going.”...

-Jan 20/10-

...Reuters reports that the Pentagon may be considering a withdrawal from the joint NPOESS program....

-Feb 1/10-

...The White House’s Office of Science and Technology Policy announces NPOESS’ restructuring, while referring to the system as “a national priority” and contending that “Independent reports and an administration task force have concluded that the current program cannot be successfully executed with the current management structure, and with the current budget structure.” The decision follows recommendations from an Executive Office of the President (EOP) Task Force, working since August 2009...

...In response to those recommendations and findings, the program will be split. NASA and NOAA will be responsible for the afternoon orbit via the Joint Polar Satellite System, and the USAF will take responsibility for the morning orbit. A transition plan is being drawn up, and the European Space Agency’s EUMETSAT partnership will “remain a key part of our ability to provide continuous polar-orbiting measurements.” The USAF still has some Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) polar-orbiting satellites available for launch for the next few years, but NOAA launched its final polar-orbiting satellite in February 2009. As such, efforts will focus development of NASA and NOAA’s JPSS platform, with a plan for USAF satellites to follow by Q4 FY 2011...

...The release notes that “The NASA developed and operating Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua satellite and ground system are very similar in scope and magnitude to the proposed JPSS program.” It adds that some system appear to have matured...

...“Significant progress has been made with the [NPOESS Preparatory Project], now with a realistic and achievable launch date of September 2011. A key instrument, the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), has been tested and shipped from the developers to NPP and can now be integrated onto the spacecraft. The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS) has been developed, integrated onto the NPP spacecraft, and tested for flight. The Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) has been integrated and fully tested for flight. NOAA and NASA have taken advantage of the NPP opportunity to add the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) instrument to NPP. This instrument has been integrated onto the spacecraft and tested for flight, thus ensuring the continuity of this critical data set beyond the NASA EOS (Terra and Aqua) missions.”...

-March 17/10-

...Space News reports that the U.S. government intends to terminate Northrop Grumman’s NPOESS contract...

...NOAA Administrator Jane Lubchenco told the US House Appropriations commerce, justice and science subcommittee that the Pentagon’s acquisition chief had codified An agreement to this effect from NASA, NOASS, and the USAF in a March 17th memorandum of understanding...

-April 1/10-

...The Pentagon does pull out of the NPOESS program, as confirmed by the April 2010 Selected Acquisition Reports...

...“Program costs decreased $5,330.6 million (-47.9%) from $11,140.2 million to $5,809.6 million, due primarily to a quantity decrease of four satellites (from four to zero satellites) (-$5,737.6 million) resulting from a program restructure in which the Department of Defense, the Department of Commerce, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration will no longer jointly acquire NPOESS. There was also a decrease due to the application of revised escalation indices (-$181.9 million). These decreases were partially offset by an updated estimate of the cost of the restructured program (+$582.1 million).”...

...The military is ending joint procurement, but the NOAA and Department of Commerce are expected to continue with it, supplemented by a European system called MetOp...

-April 9/10-

...In FedBizOpps solicitation JPSS, NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center discusses next steps under the restructuring of the National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (NPOESS) program. The tri-agency organization was eliminated, and NASA would take over from the integrator, in order to have direct oversight and design/engineering input into the development and testing process. That would be followed by sole source contracts to the following firms:

...Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems – Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)
...ITT Space Systems – Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)
...Ball Aerospace and Technologies – Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)
...Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems – Advanced Technology Microware Sounder
...Raytheon Intelligence and Information Systems – JPSS/NPP Ground System.

...“To insure the successful completion and launch of the JPSS spacecraft with no loss of continuity in critical climate and weather forecasting data, a requirement exists that NASA contract directly with the instrument and ground system developers, in order to have direct oversight and design/engineering input into the development and testing process and to insure that the necessary mission assurance standards are met. The above mentioned contractors are uniquely qualified for these contracts as they are currently developing and building their respective instruments and ground system…. they are the only source that can ensure data continuity for weather and storm forecasting. No sources other than the existing instrument and ground system developers have the knowledge or capabilities…. Award to any other source would cause unacceptable delays in fulfilling the agencys requirements. Statutory authority for this sole source procurement is 10 U.S.C. 2304©(1) Only One Responsible Source. However, any organization who believes they can provide these items without any detrimental impact to the program mission should fully identify their interest and capabilities within 15 days after publication of the synopsis.”...

-April 28/10-

... ITT Corporation’s Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) passes thermal vacuum testing, to verify that recently reworked electronic parts will perform as designed in space. The system had passed its 1st complete thermal vacuum test in 2008...

...CrIS will provide improved measurements of the temperature and moisture profiles in the atmosphere, improving weather forecasting and climate monitoring. The accuracy of hurricane intensity and storm tracks, for instance, are expected to improve dramatically. Current U.S. operational infrared sounders provide about 20 infrared channels to an accuracy of 2 to 3 degrees Kelvin. CrIS will provide more than 1,300 spectral channels, with calibration better than 0.1 degree Kelvin and accuracy of better than one degree Kelvin...

...“Although the government announced its intention to restructure NPOESS earlier this year and is developing a transition plan, work on key elements of the program of record is continuing to avoid future gaps in weather and climate monitoring.”...

-May 19/10-

...“Ash Carter, undersecretary of defense for acquisition, has told the Air Force to come up with alternatives to the deeply troubled NPOESS weather satellite program run by Northrop Grumman. He told me today that he issued a directive to the service about 10 days ago giving them 30 days to come up with alternatives and to provide some costs…. today… the House Armed Services Committee voted to cut $300 million from the program, leaving a token $25 million in the kitty. Word from the Hill is that the other defense committees have finally and completely lost patience… and will move to cut most funding over the next few months.”...

-Aug 16/10-

...“The Pentagon’s head of acquisition signed an Acquisition Decision Memorandum last week telling the Air Force to plow ahead and develop plans for a new weather satellite, one replacing the ill-fated NPOESS program. Ironically, the requirements for the new satellite – to be known as the Defense Weather Satellite – are the same as they were for NPOESS, according to a congressional aide…. The final NPOESS divorce between the Pentagon, NASA and NOAA was ordered by the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy after they concluded that the memorandum of understanding signed by the three government agencies would never be properly enforced.”...

!!!Sept 30/10!!!

... Raytheon announces 2 Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) contracts from NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center, with a combined potential value of more than $1.7 billion over the next 8 years. They replace previous government contracts worth approximately $1.4 billion...

...Raytheon will, as NASA said... build the JPSS Common Ground System to meet both civilian and defense weather needs. The JPSS Common Ground System award covers development of the command, control and communications segment; the interface data processing segment; operations and support; and system maintenance...

...The 2nd contract will complete work on the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), replacing the NPOESS contract for the final integration of the 1st flight unit, and remaining efforts for 2 additional sensors...

...“The experience we gained building the first VIIRS instrument has led to efficiencies in the development of the second flight unit…. Development work on the second VIIRS flight unit is progressing consistent with the current funding profile.”...

!Program split; $1.7B to Raytheon for civilian JPSS, joint ground system; Component updates!

...The National Polar-orbiting Observing Satellite System (NPOESS) was a joint program of the Department of Defense, Department of Commerce and NASA to replace less sophisticated weather satellites that are expected to fail over the next several years. It would help develop 3-7 day weather forecasts for civilian and military purposes, including weather like hurricanes, tornadoes, etc. Unfortunately, the program ended up billions over budget, and 6 or more years late. Some gaps in coverage are possible during that time, if enough older satellites fail...

...In November 2005 testimony given at a House of Congress Science Committee hearing, the Administrator of NOAA and the Undersecretary of the Air Force promised new cost and schedule estimates and policy options, as well as fuller and more rapid information. NPOESS was openly described as “a program in crisis.” Just under 5 years later, that crisis came to an end with a program split into civilian (JPSS) and military (DWSS) systems…

-The NPOESS Program: Basic Briefing-

...Until its effective termination in April 2010, the NPOESS program was a joint DoD/DoC/NASA endeavor that tried to integrate the capabilities and infrastructure of the DoC Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellite Program, the DoD Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, and NASA’s long-term continuous climate record collection. It is intended to serve as a single, integrated satellite system satisfying both civil and national security requirements for space-based, remotely sensed environmental data that will significantly improve weather forecasting and climate prediction...

...NPOESS was the result of merging 2 separate satellite programs during the Clinton administration. NOAA relies on two key systems for its weather forecasts. One is the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), which provides continuous imaging and sounding data of the Western Hemisphere feeding into short-range weather forecasts and the USA’s ability to observe extreme weather events. It isn’t part of this program. The Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) program provides global images and atmospheric measurements a few times a day, which feeds global weather models that are critical to the mid-long range forecasts...

...NPOESS came from merging the POESS’ civilian and military programs into one future satellite system going forward. NPOESS contemplated a series of 6 satellites, with a maximum of 3 operating at any given time in early morning, mid morning, and early afternoon orbits...

...In the end, NPOESS was split, and the multi-agency approach was deemed ineffective and ungovernable. The United States was also eventually forced to say it would supplement observations from NPOESS and its successors with data provided by the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites’ (EUMETSAT) series of MetOp satellites...

...NPOESS’ failure led to a re-split program, each of which would have a single owner. NASA would manage the civilian Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS) afternoon orbit satellites, on the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) behalf. The Pentagon would manage its own Defense Weather Satellite System (DWSS) for the morning orbit...

...The USAF still has some Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) polar-orbiting satellites available for launch for the next few years, but NOAA launched its final polar-orbiting satellite in February 2009. As such, initial efforts focused on development of NASA and NOAA’s JPSS platform, with a plan for USAF satellites to follow by Q4 FY 2011...

...In April 2010, NASA’s approach to the civilian JPSS became clear. They would move all existing afternoon orbit instruments and the ground system under a NASA structure. To insure the successful completion and launch of the JPSS spacecraft with no loss of continuity in critical climate and weather forecasting data, and no danger to its assurance standards, NASA believed it would have to contract directly with the instrument and ground system developers. Sole source contracts would follow to the following firms:

...Ball Aerospace and Technologies – Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS)
...ITT Space Systems – Cross-Track Infrared Sounder (CrIS)
...Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems – Advanced Technology Microware Sounder
...Raytheon Intelligence and Information Systems – JPSS/NPP Ground System.
...Raytheon Space and Airborne Systems – Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)

...Unless otherwise noted, all contracts are issued to Northrop Grumman Space and Mission Systems Corp...
...
http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/major-shifts-flow-from-npoess-polar-satellite-program-crisis-01557/
...
http://www.defense.gov/releases/release.aspx?releaseid=13425
...
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« Reply #176 on: December 19, 2010, 10:49:42 PM »

***dbl post there in the first article and to late to modify it... Sorry!...
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« Reply #177 on: December 20, 2010, 01:03:20 AM »

Projects and Subprojects Associated With Direct Science and Technology Funding Supporting Selected Department of Defense Space Programs
 
...In its budget materials—including the Future Years Defense Program for fiscal year 2008—the Department of Defense (DoD) displays funding data for its major programs and their associated projects and subprojects.1 The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) used those materials to identify what it refers to as "direct S&T funding"—that is, funding for science and technology (S&T) activities involving the unique technologies that support a particular program. CBO considered the direct S&T funding associated with four specific satellite programs: the National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS), the Space-Based Infrared System in High-Earth Orbit (SBIRS-H), the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), and the Defense Support Program (DSP). For NPOESS and DMSP, direct S&T funding supports activities associated with measuring physical characteristics of the atmosphere and forecasting weather conditions. For SBIRS-H and NPOESS, direct S&T funding supports activities associated with detecting nuclear blasts and objects—in particular, the plumes generated by burning rocket motors—radiating in the high- and midinfrared frequency ranges. The S&T funding for activities associated generally with satellite programs—such as for rocket engine development, satellite survivability, satellite communications, cryogenics, or propellants—does not support work that is specifically tied to the four programs. Consequently, for this analysis, CBO did not judge such funding to be direct S&T...

-Projects and Subprojects Associated With Direct S&T Funding for the NPOESS and Defense Meteorological Satellite Programs-

"Program #, program element, project #, project name, subproject content"

-0602601F-
-Space Technology-
-Space Survivability and surveillance-
-Environmental conditions that endanger space operations- 
-Artificial intelligence for 
-ionospheric prediction- 
-HAARP- 
-Multispectral signature libraries-
-2001-2013-
 
-0602601F-
-Phillips Laboratory-
-Space System Protection-
-Environmental conditions that endanger space operations- 
-Ionospheric prediction- 
-HAARP-  
-Weather software for navigation 
and surveillance- 
-Atmospheric compensation for  
space-based hyperspectral sensors- 
-1999-2000-
 
-0602601F-
-Phillips Laboratory-
-Geophysics and Weather-
-Hardware and software for solar eruptions- 
-HAARP- 
-1994-1998-
 
-0602601F-
-Spacecraft Protection-
-Electromagnetic interference for 
sensors that support weather forecasting-
-2001-2006-
 
-0602601F-
-Phillips Laboratory-
-Lasers and Imaging-
-Microwave effects phenomenology-
-1994-1997-
 
-0602101F-
-Geophysics-
-Meteorological Devices-
-Stratospheric Environment-
-Magnetospheric Effects on Space Systems-
-Aerospace Probes-
-1978-1981-

-0602204F-
-Aerospace Avionics-
-Microwave Technology-
-Nondestructive microwave detection-
-1989-
 
-0601102F-
-Defense Research-
-Physics-
-Plasma theory in the space Science environment-
-Information Technology-
-Plasma theory in the space 
environment-
 
-0601102F-
-Defense Research-
-Space and Information-
-Plasma theory in the space Science technology- 
-Solar and interplanetary magnetic fields, solar wind, and the magnetosphere-
-Astronomy and Astrophysics
Solar and interplanetary magnetic 
fields, solar wind, and the 
magnetosphere- 
-Solar and interplanetary magnetic 
fields, solar wind, and the 
magnetosphere-
-Atmospheric Science-
-Atmospheric irregularities and 
thermospheric dynamics- 
-Auroral irregularities and prediction 
of tropical clouds and lightning- 
-Weather forecasting models-
-Chemistry-
-Sensor limitations from airglow and 
infrared emissions-
 
-0601b-
-Naval Research-
-Middle-atmosphere research Laboratory-
-1987-2006-

-0603707F-
-Weather System-
-Weather Support-
-Ionospheric/thermospheric forecasting and turbulence models- 
-Weather System-
-Broad-spectrum signal processing- 
-Advanced Development-
-1987-1988/1998-
 
-0603401F-
-Advanced Spacecraft Space System Survivability-
-Sensor development to forecast Resolution sensors for radiation, 
charge, and kinetic anomalies-
-Space System Protection-
-Space radiation hazard specification 
and forecasting-
-1997-2013-

...The DoD Comptroller and the Air Force’s Office of Financial Management were the sources for most of the data on direct S&T funding. CBO also surveyed the Defense Technical Information Center; the Office of the Secretary of Defense’s Program Analysis and Evaluation directorate; the Air Force Operations office; the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Science and Technology’s Office of Plans and Programs; the Naval Research Laboratory; the Missile Defense Agency; and the Air Force’s offices of historical information at Hanscom and Bolling Air Force Bases...

http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/89xx/doc8913/AppendixC.6.1.shtml#1016771
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« Reply #178 on: December 20, 2010, 07:29:37 PM »

Simulations of ELF radiation generated by heating the high-latitude D- region

-H.L. Rowland, Beam Physics Branch, Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory-

...By modulating the ambient current flowing in the ionosphere, e.g., the auroral electrojet, it is possible to generate extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) radiation. This ionospheric modification technique can provide such waves for probing both the Earth and the ionosphere- magnetosphere. The modification occurs in the lower D-region and can provide information about the ambient conditions in one of the least diagnosed regions of the ionosphere...

...The electrojet is modulated by using a high frequency heater (a few MHZ) with the power modulated at the desired ELF/VLF frequency to heat the ionospheric electrons in the lower D-region. Figure 1a shows a sketch of the heater and heated region. The heated region is typically at 75 km (though this depends upon the carrier frequency) and can be 30 km in diameter and a few km thick. Viewed from above (see Figure 1b) the heated region is a roughly circular patch. The smoothness of the heated region depends upon the antenna radiation pattern as well as D-region conditions. The heating increases the electron-neutral collision rate which changes the conductivities. Since on ELF time scales the ambient electric field is constant, modulating the conductivity produces a current modulated at the same frequency. At these altitudes the conductivity change is predominantly in the Hall conductivity. If the ambient electric field, E, is in ±y direction, a time varying current perturbation is generated, j, in the ±x direction (Fig. 1b). The time varying current launches waves both up and down the Earth's magnetic field. In the simulations shown here, we start with a time-varying current and study the downward propagating waves and how they couple into the Earth-ionospheric wave guide...

...The animations show 5 different representations of the same simulation. The simulation uses a time-varying current perturbation (1 kHz) in the D-region at 75 km. The current is in the magnetic east-west direction. The Earth's magnetic field is vertical. The simulation box is 1800 by 1800 by 120 km. Isosurfaces are shown for the absolute value of the horizontal magnetic field ABSB and of the vertical electric field ABSEZ. Also shown is the east-west magnetic field in the near-field BX1 and in the far-field BX2. Since the field amplitude falls off with distance, BX1 uses a order-of-magnitude larger isosurface value than BX2 to emphasize the field close to the site. The north- south magnetic field is shown in BY1 and BY2. These plots look slightly different from the absolute value plots where both the positive and negative surfaces were shown. Also BX and BY do have a different orientation of the their radiation patterns. The direction of the radiation is determined by the total horizontal field shown in ABSB and by the vertical electric field shown in ABSEZ. The radiation pattern in the earth-ionosphere waveguide is a combination of a linear dipole antenna and a right-hand circular antenna. At ELF frequencies because of low D-region absorption the dipole is dominant. The dipole radiates in the magnetic east-west direction...

...Because 1 kHz is below cutoff the mode in the waveguide is a TEM mode. The mode consists of a horizontal B field perpendicular to the direction of propagation and a vertical electric field. With perfect conductors, the mode is uniform in the vertical direction. As the wave propagates in the waveguide, the top of the wave is approximately at the bottom of the ionosphere. Above the heated region, waves are also launched along the Earth's magnetic field. In the near-field ( BX1 and BY1) one can see the pulse being radiated downward. It strikes the ground and reflects back up to the ionosphere. Part of the energy propagates up the field lines into the ionosphere. This is the bubble seen rising up. The D-region is highly collisional and damps this wave. Looking at BX2 and BY2 one can see that the energy mainly stays in the waveguide. If one looks closely at the top of the wave in the waveguide the wave appears to be curved. The waveguide mode is coupling into the bottom of the D-region and driving a whistler mode up the field lines. The whistlers have a much lower velocity than the waveguide mode and can only propagate along the field lines. This acts to curve the top of the waves. These waves help form the bubble that propagates up the field line. Because of this, the diameter of the bubble is much larger than the heated region...

...Above the heated region in ABSEZ one can see a pair of coils revolving around each other. These are the currents that flow up and down the Earth's magnetic field forming the current loops associated with the waves propagating up the field lines. Finally, EZ1 is a blow-up of the high-altitude portion of the vertical electric field for positive values of the electric field; the current loop is more clearly seen...

...This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research and, in part, by a grant of HPC time from the DoD High Performance Computing Center at the Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground....
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http://wwwppd.nrl.navy.mil/whatsnew/haarp/
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http://wwwppd.nrl.navy.mil/whatsnew/haarp/horz.gif
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http://wwwppd.nrl.navy.mil/whatsnew/haarp/absb.html
!
http://wwwppd.nrl.navy.mil/whatsnew/haarp/absez.html
!
http://wwwppd.nrl.navy.mil/whatsnew/haarp/BX1.html
!
http://wwwppd.nrl.navy.mil/whatsnew/haarp/BX2.html
!
http://wwwppd.nrl.navy.mil/whatsnew/haarp/BY1.html
!
http://wwwppd.nrl.navy.mil/whatsnew/haarp/BY2.html
!
http://wwwppd.nrl.navy.mil/whatsnew/haarp/ez1.html
!
...
AD-A323 070
PL-TR-96 2095
GRI-NAS-96 7130
19970324 064
NAS8-39238

A Diagnostic System for studying Energy Partitioning and Assessing the Response of the Ionosphere during Haarp Modification Experiments

...may 15 1996...

...This research program focused on the constuction of several key radio wave diagnostics in support of the HF Active Auroral Ionospheric Research Program (HAARP)....
...Project activities led to the design, development, and fabrication of a variety of hardware units and to the development of several menu-driven software packages for data aquisition and analysis...
...The principle instrumentation includes the HF (28mhz) radar system, VHF (50mhz) radar system, and a High Speed Radar Processor consisting of three seperate processing units. The processor system supports the HF and VHF radars and is capable of aquiring VERY detailed data with Large Incoherent Scatter Radars...
...In addition, a tunable hf receiver system having high dynamic range was developed primarily for measurements of Simulated Electromagnetic Emissions (SEE). A seperate processor unit was constructed for the SEE receiver...
...Finally, a large amount of support instrumentation was developed to accommadate Complex Field Experiments...
...Overall, The Haarp Diagnostics are powerful TOOLS for studying DIVERSE IONOSPHERIC MODIFICATION PHENOMENA. They are also flexible enough to SUPPORT a HOST of OTHER MISSIONS BEYOND the SCOPE of HAARP. Many new research programs Have Been Initiated by Applying the Haarp Diagnostics to Study NATURAL ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES...
!!!
http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA323070
!!! 
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« Reply #179 on: December 27, 2010, 01:50:40 PM »

'Around the world in a HAARP day'

http://chemtrail.dyndns.org/portale/index.php/notizie/377-haarp-systems-radars-radio-teleskope

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« Reply #180 on: December 27, 2010, 03:15:02 PM »

AD-A180 689

Gravity Wave Momentum at Poker Flat Using the Symmetrical Two-Beam Method

-NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION BOULDER COLO AERONOMY LAB-

-Feb 1987-

...Measurements of the gravity wave momentum flux have been carried out using the Poker Flat radar and the symmetrical two-beam method. The results for an eight-day averaging period give flux values between + or- 1 m-sq/sec-sq within a valid altitude range of 9 to 15 km. These results are reasonably consistent with the few similar measurements available. Keywords: Gravity wave momentum; Fluxes; symmetrical two beam method...

***GRAVITY WAVES, *MOMENTUM TRANSFER, *ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, ALTITUDE, FLUX(RATE), MOMENTUM, RANGE(EXTREMES), SYMMETRY, MULTIPLE BEAMS(RADIATION), RADAR BEAMS, RADAR SCANNING,  ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, ACTIVE and PASSIVE RADAR DETECTION & EQUIPMENT***
...
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA180689
...

First Incoherent Scatter Radar Observations of Radio PUMPING in the Ionosphere Around the Second Electron Gyroharmonic

...sidenotes...
-unique experiment peformed at HIPAS IONOSPHERIC MODIFICATION FACILITY and with PFISR Radar-
-2.85Mhz, 240km altitude, Increased temp of 3500k- 
-high power high frequency HF radio waves BEAMED into the ionosphere with O-MODE Polarization CAUSES PLASMA TURBULENCE, which can ACCELERATE ELECTRONS-

http://www.ursi.org/proceedings/procGA08/papers/GP1GHp7.pdf
...
***more into the AMISR program...

...May 2010...

http://www.unols.org/meetings/2010/201005lfw/Presentations/Day2/LFW_EngineeringApproach.pdf
...

-Coupling Between the Lower and Upper Atmosphere II-

Coupling of sudden stratospheric warmings up to the mesosphere and lower thermosphere

...One of the most dramatic meteorological perturbations in the middle atmosphere is the sudden stratospheric warming (SSW). This usually occurs at least once per Northern winter and can result in large (up to 50K) temperature increases, wind reversals and hemispheric transport perturbations. It is now understood that the effects of SSWs resonate up to much higher altitudes, including the mesosphere (up to 90 km) and possibly even the thermosphere (above 90 km). However the actual manifestation of these SSWs on the mesospheric and lower thermospheric temperature structure remains uncertain, with different models yielding different answers, probably related to the treatment of gravity waves. We examine this question with the Navy's operational forecast system which has been extended up to the lower thermosphere. This model, NOGAPS- ALPHA (Advanced Level Physics High Altitude) has been used to perform several case studies of different SSW events over the last several years. The results will be compared with observations from two NASA satellites, TIMED and AURA, both of which are measuring the temperature from the stratosphere to the lower thermosphere. Two events will be emphasized and compared. The first is the unusual and prolonged disturbance of January-February 2006. The second is the shorter minor warming of 2008. Both SSW's had effects which resonated to high altitudes, but they were very different in their specific manifestations...

Interannual Variability in the Mesospheric Quasi-2 day Wave in the NOGAPS-ALPHA High- Altitude Data Assimilation System

...NOGAPS-ALPHA is a global numerical weather prediction and data assimilation system extending from the surface to the upper mesosphere that combines a spectral forecast model with NAVDAS, the NRL Atmospheric Variational Data Assimilation System. NAVDAS is a 3DVAR system that assimilates conventional meteorological observations in the troposphere and lower stratosphere plus temperature soundings from both the Aura MLS (Microwave Limb Sounder) and SABER (Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) instruments over the region from ∼100-0.006 hPa (∼16-80 km altitude). The resulting meteorological analyses extend from the surface to the upper mesosphere. The assimilation system has been run for the periods of January-February 2006 and 2008. Space-time spectral analysis of the 4-times daily NOGAPS-ALPHA mesospheric wind, temperature, and constituent fields show the global structure and time evolution of westward propagating zonal wavenumber 3 disturbances with periods near 2 days. Peak amplitudes of the quasi-two day wave in mesospheric temperature, meridional wind, and water vapor volume mixing ratio of 8 K, 40 m/s and 0.5 ppmv, respectively, occur during January 2006 in the extratropical summer hemisphere. During January 2008, the corresponding peak 2-day wave amplitudes are less than half of their 2006 values. Stratospheric warmings took place in both January 2006 and January 2008. Planetary wave forcing in the extratropical winter stratosphere leading up to these warmings has been shown to affect the growth and development of the quasi-two day wave in past modeling and observational studies. The NOGAPS- ALPHA analyses indicate that the stronger two-day wave amplitudes in January 2006 can be explained by enhanced planetary wave breaking throughout this period compared to January 2008 , which triggered inertial instabilities near the tropical stratopause that provided additional forcing for the global two-day wave mode...

Vertical Coupling Between the Stratosphere and Mesosphere During IPY

...The International Polar Year (IPY) was an international scientific program focused on intensive observations in the Arctic and Antarctic from March 2007 to March 2009. As part of this effort, we present results of an NSF funded project, 'Pan-Arctic Studies of the Coupled Tropospheric, Stratospheric, and Mesospheric Circulation'. Planetary and gravity waves are mechanisms by which the troposphere is coupled to the stratosphere and mesosphere. When planetary wave amplitudes are large they break and form intense anticyclones that occasionally extend from the upper troposphere to the middle mesosphere. In addition, the Arctic polar vortex provides a means by which the stratosphere is coupled, both chemically and dynamically, to the troposphere below and the mesosphere above. Three-dimensional animations of the Arctic vortex and anticyclones will be shown to illustrate this vertical coupling during major stratospheric warming events that occurred in 2007-2008 and 2008-2009. An unprecedented stratospheric warming and subsequent mesospheric cooling event in January and February 2009 will be emphasized. Following the warming event the vortex in the upper stratosphere strengthened similar to 2004 and 2006; record cold temperatures were observed in the vortex near 45 km, mesospheric air rapidly descended in the vortex, and the separated polar winter stratopause soared above 80 km. Lidar temperature measurements at multiple Arctic sites taken during the events are interpreted based on the air masses in which the instruments measured. The vertical temperature structure varies considerably depending on whether the polar vortex or the Aleutian anticyclone was sampled. A web site http://research.iarc.uaf.edu/IPY-CTSM/index.php has been established as an archive of the daily dynamical evolution of the Arctic troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere during the two IPY winters. This site has been maintained in near-real time and thus has been a useful resource to coordinate the timing, and aid in the interpretation, of single-site observations of temperature and chemical constituents...

Simulation of the Impact of a Sudden Stratospheric Warming on the Upper Atmosphere Using a Whole Atmosphere Model

...It is now abundantly clear that upper atmosphere space weather, in both neutral and plasma density, is forced by the Sun, the lower atmosphere, and a range of internal processes. EUV and plasma forcing from the Sun has been the focus historically, and is still a major challenge. In contrast, characterizing the influence from the lower atmosphere drivers is a more recent focus. The lower atmosphere is a source of gravity waves, planetary waves, and tides for the upper atmosphere. During a sudden stratospheric warming (SWW) event the planetary wave numbers one and two grow in the middle atmosphere changing the propagation of waves that influence the dynamics and temperature structure in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. To characterize and understand the impact of lower atmosphere dynamics on the upper atmosphere a new Whole Atmosphere Model (WAM) has been developed as part of a collaborative project Integrated Dynamics through Earth's Atmosphere (IDEA) between the National Weather Service's (NWS) Space Weather Prediction and Environmental Modeling Centers, and the University of Colorado. WAM is a 150-layer general circulation model based on the NWS operational weather prediction Global Forecast System (GFS) model, which is coupled self- consistently with a Global Ionosphere Plasmasphere (GIP) physics model. An annual run of the WAM model has been performed after initialization, the output of which represents "climatological weather". Since IDEA includes all the layers of the atmosphere, the annual run of the model generates SSW naturally and realistically, without the need for changes in external forcing or boundary conditions. The model shows the classic signatures of a SWW with warming in the winter stratosphere and cooling in the winter mesosphere. In the lower thermosphere, high latitude warming occurs in agreement with recent observations from ground- based radar and from the TIMED satellite. The dynamics in the lower thermosphere is also altered inducing a change in low latitude dynamo electric fields. A SSW is just one example of how lower atmosphere sources introduce variability in the upper atmosphere, and can be used to illustrate the various coupling processes...

The Equatorial Ionosphere over Jicamarca during the January 2009 Sudden Stratospheric Warming

...Last year we reported a high correlation between anomalous daytime ionospheric electric fields over Jicamarca and parameters associated with January 2008 Sudden Stratospheric Warming (SSW) event. Such distinct pattern in the equatorial drifts has been observed in previous SSW campaigns over Jicamarca, but the correlation was not as high as in the January 2008 event. Our results indicate that there is a strong coupling between the lower atmospheric processes related to the SSW events and the low-latitude ionosphere, however, the effects appear to be longitudinally dependent. In this work we present the eleven days of Jicamarca observations around the recent January 2009 SSW event. Besides obtaining vertical drifts from the incoherent scatter radar, this time we used a new mode that allows also the measurement of zonal drifts, electron density profiles, electron to ion temperature ratio, and mesospheric winds. In addition, we operated a new ionosonde called VIPIR in high time resolution. Our preliminary results indicate that indeed the equatorial ionosphere got disturbed during the SSW event, presenting again anomalous vertical drifts and therefore anomalous electron density values and profiles...

High Latitude Observations of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Associated with a Sudden Stratospheric Warming

...We present observations with the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR) located in central Alaska during the time period leading up to, concurrent with, and after a Sudden Stratospheric Warming in January and February 2008. Temperature fluctuations were observed that seem to be correlated with stratospheric motions and temperature changes. Temperature fluctuations at altitudes of 90-100 km seem to be out-of phase with the stratospheric warmings, with the cooling slightly preceding the warming. This result implies that the cooling is a result of upward mean motion forced from below, which is consistent with ion-velocity measurements (used as a tracer of the neutral gas at these altitudes). Examination of zonal and meridional winds also suggest enhanced lower thermospheric mean zonal winds during the main stratospheric warming period as well as a strong meridional semi-diurnal tide during the main stratospheric cooling period. These results suggest strong coupling of the lower thermosphere to stratospheric motions...

Ionospheric Variations During Sudden Stratospheric Warmings

...We summarize ionospheric and thermospheric variations observed by the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar (42.6N, 288.5E) during stratospheric warmings of January 2008 and January 2009. Cooler ion temperature is observed in the F-region in January 2009, consistent with earlier reported observations of cooling during stratospheric warming in January 2008. The usual behavior of winter daytime electron density, dominated by TIDs with periods 1-1.5 hours, is replaced by a three-peak structure in electron density in January 2009. Plasma drift data indicate that this behavior is related to the vertical plasma motion, which in case of January 2009 data presents a mix of 8-10 hour waves with shorter (~2-3 hour) waves. Analysis of GPS TEC data indicates that variations in electron density are observed in a large range of longitudes and latitudes, with especially pronounced changes at low latitudes. We discuss what part of this variability could be associated with stratospheric conditions and what are the plausible mechanisms for such association...

http://www.agu.org/meetings/ja09/ja09-sessions/ja09_SA74A.html
...
Simultaneous LIDAR observations of a noctilucent cloud and an internal wave in the polar mesaphere 

http://www.spaceweather.ac.cn/publication/jgrs/2003/JGR_Atomospheres/jan/2002JD002427.pdf
...
AD-D414 944

Application of and Enhancement to Artic Infrastructure for the Study of LONG TERM CHANGE in the POLAR MESASPHERE

http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA414944
...
Mesospheric inversion and their relationship to Planetary Wave Structure at 65 degrees N

http://extension.uaf.edu/honors/capstone-projects-archive/Brita_Irving_UAF_Honors_Thesis.pdf
...

!!!MORE TO COME!!!
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« Reply #181 on: December 28, 2010, 09:58:04 PM »

AD-A471 091
CRDF 02 9001

Artificial Ionospheric Turbulence and Radio Wave Propagation 
(Sura - HAARP) 

...RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NIZHNY NOVGOROD RADIO PHYSICAL RESEARCH INST...
 
...NOV 2006...

...The main objectives of the project are: (1) integrated experimental, theoretical and computer simulation studies of non-linear plasma phenomena, produced in the upper ionosphere by powerful HF radiation and giving rise to plasma density irregularities with a wide range of crossfield (relatively to geomagnetic field lines) scales from centimeters to tens of kilometers, (2) investigation of an influence of these irregularities on characteristics of HF and VHF radio waves passed through the ionosphere disturbed volume (IDV), and (3) control for long distance propagation of HF radio waves through an ionosphere wave-guide channel by means of radio wave scattering from small-scale field-aligned irregularities (the SURA–HAARP experiment). In the framework of the project 8 heating campaign at the Sura facility have been carried out in all. Obtained in this campaign experimental data as well as data obtained in earlier performed measurements allowed to study in detail the following points: 

(i) space distribution of small-, middle-, and large-scale irregularities in the IDV; 
(ii) peculiarities of both artificial ionosphere turbulence (AIT) evolution and transport processes in the upper (F-region) ionosphere when short pulse pumping is used for ionosphere modification; 
(iii) influence of small-scale fieldaligned irregularities (striations) on generation of stimulated electromagnetic emission (SEE);
(iv) some features of the magnetic zenith effect; 
(v) ionospheric effects of geomagnetic disturbances; 
(vi) peculiarities of HF radio wave long distance propagation. 

...Using the software elaborated for modeling of radio paths for the SURA–HAARP experiment, necessary calculations and estimations for this experiment have been done. In March and May 2006 two sessions of measurements in the framework of the SURA–HAARP experiment were carried out. Besides, it was performed experiments aimed at the study of features of artificial ionosphere disturbances, which are generated by nonlinear mixing of two HF waves at frequencies higher than F2-region critical frequency (f0F2) but when difference between them is below of f0F2...

(ionosphere heating at the local plasma frequency by beating two high-power electromagnetic waves).

... In these experiments the bispectral method was used for the spectral analysis of received signals. New experiments aimed at the study of AIT features when additional X-mode pumping is used were also performed. Experimental results, obtained in the framework of the project, give new knowledge about AIT features and allow elaborating in more details its empirical models, as well as to study peculiarities of HF radio wave long distance propagation under different ionospheric conditions...
...
http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA471091&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
...
AD-A300 875
PL TR 95 2018
19951109 080

...Jan 1995...

SATSIN System Manuel

...This report outlines the design, functions and operation of the HAARP Diagnostic Satellite Scintillation (SATSIN) system that will be used to characterize the structure and dynamics of F region ionospheric irregularities created during HF heating. When in routine operation, the SATSIN system will be located so that the propagation path from satellite radio beacons passes through the heated volume created by HAARP. The signal, altered in phase and amplitude by the irregularities, is received by the SATSIN array of eight antennas and is processed to extract the spatial and temporal characteristics of the scintillation. From this information, the strength, shape and motion of the in situ irregularities generated by HAARP can be implied. The hardware and software components of the system are reviewed, and the installation and operation in conjunction with the HAARP network are outlined...
...
http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA300875&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
...
-Total Electron Content-

...The line integral of plasma density (electrons/m3) is termed total electron content (electrons/m2), or TEC. A plasma reduces the speed of a radio signal traveling through it, more so the denser it is and more so the lower the radio frequency. This signal delay introduces error in measurements made by the Global Positioning System (GPS). To permit correction, GPS satellites transmit on two frequencies. The difference in range measured on the two frequencies by sophisticated GPS receivers provides a measurement of TEC and permits correction...

...The chart below contains (in color) a 36-hour plot of TEC obtained from measurements on paths between such a receiver located at HAARP's Gakona field site and GPS satellites 45° or more above the horizon. Usually 3 or 4 such satellites are in view, at somewhat different longitudes (and, therefore, local times). The data may be displayed as a function of either Universal Time (UT) or local time at each ray path's penetration point (PP) with the ionospheric F layer at 350 km altitude. Generally greater values of TEC are encountered in the daytime than at night. Shorter-term variations occur during periods of ionospheric disturbance. Different TEC values at the same PP local time were obtained at slightly different UTs and/or latitudes. Thus multiple traces in the local-time display may indicate changing ionospheric conditions as well as spatial gradients. The PP latitudes are plotted beneath the TEC plot. For the GPS PP latitudes spanned (those clustered near 60°), the dashed black curves represent TEC estimates employed for ionospheric correction by single-frequency receivers, employing model coefficients transmitted from the GPS satellites...
 
...Traces of slant TEC along paths to individual GPS satellites also are available. The chart below contains those measurements converted to "slab-equivalent" vertical TEC, ignoring spatial gradients and taking the effective ionospheric height to be 350 km. It also shows rapid scans of TEC over Alaska obtained from measurements along slant paths to lower-altitude satellites. These scans (solid black) often reveal substantial latitudinal gradients in TEC over Alaska...
!
http://maestro.haarp.alaska.edu/cgi-bin/ashtech/tec.cgi?year=2010&month=12&day=29
!
-Relative Total Electron Content and Scintillation- 

...The line integral of plasma density (electrons/m3) is termed total electron content (electrons/m2), or TEC. The upper chart below shows the change in TEC along the line of sight from a satellite to a coherent radio receiver located in south central Alaska (the plot being interrupted if the signal from the satellite is too weak). For purposes of ionospheric research, several "Transit" satellites formerly employed in the U.S. Navy Navigation Satellite System still transmit phase-locked (i.e., "mutually coherent") VHF and UHF signals from their polar orbits at approximately a thousand km altitude. For plasma structures larger than a km or so, the differential phase shift measured between these two signals when they arrive at the ground is proportional to TEC on the radio path. Because the differential phase shift is many cycles, the measurement is subject to an unknown offset; hence we use the term "relative" TEC unless other information is available (e.g., from GPS) to determine the offset. Even relative TEC reveals where most of the ionospheric plasma is. Subject to correction for the changing path length (shortest at the point of closest approach), daytime passes often show increased TEC, produced by solar ultraviolet radiation, at middle latitudes to the south of the receiving site. Nighttime passes often reveal greater - sometimes "patchy" - TEC in the auroral zone overhead and/or to the north and the "main ionospheric trough" nearby or just to the south. Finer-scale structures associated with the patches produce random fluctuations in signal phase and intensity. The lower charts below show these "scintillations" when the strength of the satellite signal is sufficient to measure them reliably. A time history of TEC near Gakona, AK, is available from measurements using GPS satellites viewed at high elevation angles...
!
http://maestro.haarp.alaska.edu/cgi-bin/its10/plot-tec.cgi
!
-SLANT TEC-

...The integral of plasma density (electrons/m3) is termed total electron content, or TEC, and usually is expressed in units of 1016 el/m2. The TEC values along slowly moving paths from several GPS satellites (each identified by its individual PRN#) to the HAARP site at Gakona, AK, are shown as red curves (scale left) in the chart below. Generally, this "slant" TEC is greater the longer the path length through the ionosphere, which is greater at low elevations; the elevation angles (in degrees) to the same satellites are shown as black curves (scale right). Click on any curve below to obtain an expanded TEC plot and a more complete view of the geometry for a given pass. GPS sky coverage from Gakona over the 24-hour period is indicated at the bottom of this page. Slant TEC data from high-elevation GPS satellites are combined to give equivalent vertical TEC near the HAARP site...
!
http://maestro.haarp.alaska.edu/cgi-bin/ashtech/tec.cgi?date=20101229&type=sa
!
-"slab-equivalent" vertical TEC-
!
http://maestro.haarp.alaska.edu/cgi-bin/ashtech/tec.cgi?date=20101229&type=ut
!
Tomographic Images (unavailable)
?
http://maestro.haarp.alaska.edu/cgi-bin/its10/plot-tom.cgi?year=2010&month=12&day=29
?
-GPS Position Estimates-

...A plasma (ionized gas) reduces the speed of a radio signal traveling through it. This signal delay introduces error in measurements made by the Global Positioning System (GPS). To permit correction, GPS satellites transmit on two frequencies. The difference in range measured on the two frequencies by sophisticated GPS receivers provides a measurement of the total number of free electrons encountered along the signal path ("total electron content," or TEC) and permits correction. Less expensive receivers employ only one of the two frequencies, relying on a TEC model for a less accurate correction. The chart immediately below displays the altitude of such a receiver's antenna located at the HAARP site near Gakona, AK, as measured by means of GPS over the time span indicated. The scatter plot beneath it shows the fluctuation in measured North-South and East-West position of the receiver's (CNS Systems CNSC01-P) antenna relative to its "true" position (long-term average of GPS measurements). The blue ellipse demarks the standard deviation of the measurements. There are several sources of uncertainty in GPS position estimates (which, nonetheless, are impressively accurate). For instance, some deviations that repeat approximately from day to day (most noticeable below in altitude) result from signal reflections (multi-path) off objects in the vicinity of the receiving antenna. Careful comparison of the chart below with TEC measured by the two-frequency technique may disclose some variations in single-frequency measurements that are caused by changing ionospheric conditions.
!
http://maestro.haarp.alaska.edu/cgi-bin/ashtech/tec.cgi?date=20101229&type=sgps
!
-HAARP Satellite Pass Schedule-

Station Coordinates: Gakona, AK      62.399 deg  -145.157 deg  660 m  -9 hrs
  This page updated: 2010-12-29 04:36 UT

 Rise Date  UT   Az  Closest UT  Az   El   SetUT Az  Satellite   Offset  Secs of Data
|-------------------||--------------------||--------||-------|  |-----| |--------|
Recently completed passes:
2010-12-28 13:30 319 13:37:47.7 241.3 52.8 13:45 162 FM2            80     0
2010-12-28 14:25 359 14:33:20.6  84.9 65.8 14:41 170 RADCAL         80     0
2010-12-28 15:38  18 15:45:31.0 292.1 84.2 15:53 204 DMSP F15       80   641       View Plots (relative)
2010-12-28 16:07 357 16:14:15.4 287.4 37.1 16:21 215 RADCAL         80   366       View Plots (relative)
2010-12-28 16:40 359 16:49:07.6  85.9 81.6 16:58 179 OSCAR 25      -80     0
2010-12-28 17:30 205 17:40:00.3 284.1 47.4 17:50   2 OSCAR 32      -80     0
2010-12-28 17:59 219 18:08:45.8 290.5 36.7 18:18   4 OSCAR 23      -80     0
2010-12-28 18:27   0 18:35:46.5 293.7 36.0 18:44 223 OSCAR 25      -80     0
2010-12-28 21:11 214 21:19:41.4 126.1 81.5 21:27  41 FM1            80     0
2010-12-28 21:50 315 21:56:39.1  34.8 47.2 22:03 115 FM3            80     0
2010-12-28 22:56 254 23:03:13.8 332.2 43.7 23:10  50 FM1            80     0
2010-12-28 23:32 187 23:40:59.3  99.7 81.7 23:49  15 COSMOS 2407  -200   757       View Plots (relative)
2010-12-28 23:59 182 00:06:16.6 111.1 35.5 00:13  39 FM4            80   390       View Plots (relative)
2010-12-29 00:59  41 01:04:09.6 317.0 62.7 01:09 235 GFO            80     0
2010-12-29 01:19 234 01:27:08.4 305.7 35.1 01:35  19 COSMOS 2407  -200   942       View Plots (relative)
2010-12-29 01:59 150 02:06:40.6  76.5 44.0 02:14   0 RADCAL         80   645       View Plots (relative)
2010-12-29 02:24 307 02:31:53.7  24.1 39.4 02:39 100 FM1            80     0
2010-12-29 02:49 357 02:59:20.5  73.6 39.7 03:08 147 OSCAR 32      -80     0
2010-12-29 03:18 357 03:28:10.5  80.6 52.4 03:37 159 OSCAR 23      -80     0
2010-12-29 03:40 197 03:47:47.6 278.0 53.6 03:55   1 RADCAL         80   514       View Plots (relative)

Next pass:
2010-12-29 04:38   0 04:48:14.7 272.5 76.2 04:57 192 OSCAR 32      -80

Upcoming passes:
2010-12-29 04:55 178 05:04:09.5 260.5 86.2 05:13   0 OSCAR 25      -80
2010-12-29 05:06   2 05:16:39.3 281.6 58.7 05:26 204 OSCAR 23      -80
2010-12-29 06:07 231 06:14:44.7 317.7 68.2 06:22  44 FM2            80
2010-12-29 07:16 130 07:22:09.2  37.6 78.9 07:27 318 GFO            80
2010-12-29 07:37 222 07:44:22.0 312.3 82.5 07:52  42 FM5            80
2010-12-29 07:51 268 07:58:40.1 342.6 35.4 08:06  57 FM2            80
2010-12-29 08:30 341 08:39:16.3  58.4 40.0 08:47 134 COSMOS 2407  -200
2010-12-29 09:21 261 09:28:05.9 337.0 38.8 09:35  53 FM5            80
2010-12-29 10:16 344 10:25:11.6 261.9 69.0 10:33 179 COSMOS 2407  -200
2010-12-29 11:19 313 11:27:16.0  34.5 51.3 11:34 115 FM2            80
2010-12-29 13:03 319 13:10:32.3 237.7 62.8 13:18 156 FM2            80
2010-12-29 14:04   0 14:11:03.5  80.9 52.6 14:18 162 RADCAL         80
2010-12-29 14:33 318 14:40:16.4 232.9 78.8 14:48 147 FM5            80
2010-12-29 15:22  18 15:30:02.4 108.1 81.6 15:37 197 DMSP F15       80
2010-12-29 15:41 162 15:51:08.2  80.3 69.5 16:01 358 OSCAR 23      -80
2010-12-29 15:56 359 16:04:55.8  79.6 55.3 16:14 162 OSCAR 25      -80
2010-12-29 16:04 359 16:13:01.4  81.4 60.1 16:22 166 OSCAR 31     -145
2010-12-29 17:01 195 17:11:01.2 278.6 59.5 17:21   1 OSCAR 32      -80
2010-12-29 17:43   0 17:52:09.5 285.0 53.0 18:01 206 OSCAR 25      -80
2010-12-29 17:51   0 18:00:07.6 286.7 48.9 18:09 210 OSCAR 31     -145
2010-12-29 20:44 207 20:52:25.2 123.6 70.0 21:00  40 FM1            80
2010-12-29 22:14 156 22:22:11.3  84.9 36.9 22:30  14 COSMOS 2407  -200
2010-12-29 22:37 318 22:43:51.6  48.2 85.4 22:50 139 FM3            80
2010-12-29 23:59 201 00:07:19.7 289.3 71.8 00:15  16 COSMOS 2407  -200
2010-12-30 01:37 142 01:44:37.5  72.4 35.5 01:52   0 RADCAL         80
2010-12-30 01:57 304 02:04:26.4  20.3 36.6 02:11  95 FM1            80
2010-12-30 02:49 357 02:59:21.3  74.6 41.5 03:08 149 OSCAR 23      -80
2010-12-30 03:18 189 03:25:30.5 273.6 67.4 03:33   1 RADCAL         80
2010-12-30 03:41 316 03:48:15.4  45.9 74.7 03:55 133 FM1            80
2010-12-30 03:57 181 04:04:38.7 110.8 35.7 04:12  39 FM2            80
2010-12-30 04:19 164 04:28:09.2  83.8 69.6 04:37 359 OSCAR 31     -145
2010-12-30 04:38   0 04:48:12.6 274.3 73.5 04:57 194 OSCAR 23      -80
2010-12-30 05:39 225 05:47:22.5 314.3 77.9 05:55  42 FM2            80
2010-12-30 06:07 211 06:15:47.9 285.7 40.3 06:24   3 OSCAR 31     -145
2010-12-30 07:32 135 07:38:32.6 309.0 88.6 07:44 318 GFO            80
2010-12-30 08:57 343 09:05:51.1  66.3 55.8 09:14 148 COSMOS 2407  -200
2010-12-30 10:43 345 10:51:18.8 269.5 47.3 10:59 193 COSMOS 2407  -200
2010-12-30 10:52 311 10:59:49.5  30.8 46.1 11:07 110 FM2            80
2010-12-30 12:21 308 12:29:19.4  25.3 40.7 12:36 102 FM5            80
2010-12-30 12:36 318 12:43:15.2 234.0 74.0 12:50 150 FM2            80
2010-12-30 13:41   0 13:48:43.7  76.8 42.2 13:56 154 RADCAL         80
2010-12-30 14:05 318 14:12:58.1  57.4 89.4 14:20 141 FM5            80
2010-12-30 15:07  18 15:14:32.1 104.8 67.9 15:22 191 DMSP F15       80
2010-12-30 15:22 358 15:30:06.7 279.3 57.2 15:37 199 RADCAL         80
2010-12-30 16:32 184 16:42:07.6 273.6 74.4 16:52   0 OSCAR 32      -80
2010-12-30 16:48  18 16:54:50.5 307.1 38.8 17:02 233 DMSP F15       80
2010-12-30 17:07   0 17:16:17.6 278.6 72.4 17:25 193 OSCAR 31     -145
2010-12-30 20:18 200 20:25:10.5 120.4 59.3 20:32  40 FM1            80
2010-12-30 22:01 243 22:08:24.2 324.9 53.7 22:16  46 FM1            80
2010-12-30 22:40 170 22:48:12.7  92.1 53.4 22:56  14 COSMOS 2407  -200
2010-12-30 23:56  42 00:01:42.5 123.6 42.4 00:06 202 GFO            80
2010-12-31 00:25 215 00:33:48.7 296.5 51.0 00:42  17 COSMOS 2407  -200
2010-12-31 02:56 180 03:03:16.0 267.4 83.8 03:11   1 RADCAL         80
2010-12-31 03:13 315 03:20:54.6  41.9 65.2 03:28 127 FM1            80
2010-12-31 03:28 144 03:36:27.0  72.1 42.6 03:45 358 OSCAR 25      -80
2010-12-31 03:40 359 03:50:37.9  88.9 68.8 03:59 171 OSCAR 32      -80
2010-12-31 04:10   0 04:19:40.9 148.7 88.7 04:29 184 OSCAR 23      -80
2010-12-31 05:15 190 05:23:24.3 273.9 66.1 05:32   1 OSCAR 25      -80
2010-12-31 05:29   1 05:38:39.8 288.7 44.1 05:47 216 OSCAR 32      -80
2010-12-31 06:14 102 06:20:04.6  27.6 35.7 06:25 315 GFO            80
2010-12-31 06:56 258 07:03:41.0 335.0 40.7 07:11  52 FM2            80
2010-12-31 08:26 251 08:33:11.4 329.5 46.2 08:40  49 FM5            80
2010-12-31 09:24 344 09:32:16.9  74.6 78.9 09:40 162 COSMOS 2407  -200
2010-12-31 10:24 309 10:32:21.9  27.0 42.0 10:39 104 FM2            80
2010-12-31 12:08 318 12:15:56.6 228.1 85.8 12:23 143 FM2            80
2010-12-31 13:38 317 13:45:38.2  46.6 78.3 13:53 135 FM5            80
2010-12-31 15:00 358 15:07:58.7 275.0 71.5 15:15 191 RADCAL         80
2010-12-31 15:21 318 15:28:21.6 249.2 35.2 15:35 177 FM5            80
2010-12-31 15:42 225 15:48:56.6 314.9 76.5 15:55  42 FM3            80
2010-12-31 16:15 359 16:24:17.1  85.0 72.4 16:33 173 OSCAR 25      -80
2010-12-31 16:32  18 16:39:28.9 303.7 45.5 16:46 227 DMSP F15       80
2010-12-31 18:03   0 18:11:07.1 290.8 40.8 18:20 217 OSCAR 25      -80
2010-12-31 18:10   0 18:18:57.4 292.5 37.9 18:28 220 OSCAR 31     -145
2010-12-31 20:49 313 20:55:14.5  29.0 39.0 21:01 106 FM3            80
2010-12-31 22:30 318 22:36:44.0 233.1 78.7 22:43 146 FM3            80
2010-12-31 23:06 184 23:14:22.3  98.8 76.8 23:23  15 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-01 00:52 229 01:00:26.3 304.3 37.0 01:08  19 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-01 01:48  41 01:53:12.7 325.4 40.8 01:58 249 GFO            80
2011-01-01 02:34 172 02:41:04.1  88.1 78.9 02:49   0 RADCAL         80
2011-01-01 02:46 314 02:53:32.5  38.2 57.3 03:01 121 FM1            80
2011-01-01 03:12 359 03:21:41.6  82.0 54.0 03:31 161 OSCAR 32      -80
2011-01-01 03:41 359 03:51:04.0  90.4 72.0 04:00 173 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-01 04:30 172 04:39:18.2  91.8 83.6 04:48   0 OSCAR 25      -80
2011-01-01 04:44 212 04:52:42.5 126.2 79.4 05:00  41 FM2            80
2011-01-01 05:01   1 05:10:05.5 282.6 55.5 05:19 206 OSCAR 32      -80
2011-01-01 05:29   3 05:39:02.6 289.8 42.5 05:48 218 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-01 08:04 341 08:12:33.7  57.0 37.7 08:20 131 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-01 08:05 145 08:11:20.9 235.1 66.5 08:17 318 GFO            80
2011-01-01 09:50 344 09:58:33.9 260.4 73.6 10:07 176 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-01 09:57 306 10:04:53.1  23.2 38.7 10:12  99 FM2            80
2011-01-01 11:26 303 11:34:22.0  17.7 35.4 11:41  92 FM5            80
2011-01-01 11:41 317 11:48:36.4  49.3 82.6 11:56 137 FM2            80
2011-01-01 14:17 130 14:26:10.9  63.6 36.1 14:35 355 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-01 14:48 207 14:54:50.2 123.6 67.1 15:01  41 FM3            80
2011-01-01 14:54 318 15:01:10.6 245.8 42.0 15:08 171 FM5            80
2011-01-01 15:39 359 15:47:58.5  78.8 52.9 15:57 160 OSCAR 31     -145
2011-01-01 16:03 176 16:13:48.3 274.7 88.0 16:24   0 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-01 16:29 249 16:36:12.5 328.0 43.4 16:43  47 FM3            80
2011-01-01 17:18   0 17:27:26.0 282.2 60.3 17:36 201 OSCAR 25      -80
2011-01-01 17:24 210 17:33:24.7 286.4 43.7 17:43   3 OSCAR 32      -80
2011-01-01 17:26   0 17:35:16.1 283.8 55.7 17:44 204 OSCAR 31     -145
2011-01-01 19:23 187 19:30:45.9 113.8 41.8 19:38  39 FM1            80
2011-01-01 21:06 231 21:13:39.6 317.9 69.0 21:21  44 FM1            80
2011-01-01 21:35 316 21:42:34.3  43.0 66.1 21:49 129 FM3            80
2011-01-01 23:17 318 23:23:28.5 245.9 36.7 23:30 172 FM3            80
2011-01-01 23:32 199 23:40:40.7 288.2 76.3 23:49  15 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-01 23:52 200 23:59:51.0 119.9 57.9 00:07  40 FM4            80
2011-01-02 02:18 312 02:26:08.9  34.4 50.9 02:33 115 FM1            80
2011-01-02 02:43 357 02:52:40.0  75.8 42.4 03:01 150 OSCAR 32      -80
2011-01-02 03:12 358 03:22:21.8  83.2 56.9 03:31 163 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-02 03:47 155 03:55:25.0  78.4 56.2 04:04 358 OSCAR 25      -80
2011-01-02 04:02 318 04:09:25.3 237.4 62.5 04:16 156 FM1            80
2011-01-02 04:17 206 04:25:24.8 123.0 68.0 04:33  40 FM2            80
2011-01-02 04:32   0 04:41:26.1 275.5 70.2 04:50 196 OSCAR 32      -80
2011-01-02 05:01   1 05:10:42.3 283.8 53.3 05:19 208 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-02 05:34 202 05:42:45.4 280.6 50.1 05:52   2 OSCAR 25      -80
2011-01-02 05:42 205 05:50:39.8 282.5 46.3 05:59   2 OSCAR 31     -145
2011-01-02 06:01 247 06:08:45.8 327.6 49.1 06:16  48 FM2            80
2011-01-02 07:31 239 07:38:21.2 322.2 57.8 07:46  46 FM5            80
2011-01-02 08:31 343 08:39:09.5  64.9 52.3 08:47 145 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-02 09:29 304 09:37:23.5  19.4 36.1 09:44  94 FM2            80
2011-01-02 10:16 345 10:24:42.1 268.2 50.6 10:33 190 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-02 11:13 316 11:21:14.7  44.8 72.1 11:28 131 FM2            80
2011-01-02 12:57 318 13:04:03.9 247.1 38.8 13:11 174 FM2            80
2011-01-02 13:54 189 14:00:54.8 114.8 39.0 14:07  40 FM3            80
2011-01-02 14:15 359 14:23:35.0  88.0 75.1 14:31 175 RADCAL         80
2011-01-02 14:20  20 14:27:50.9  94.7 37.9 14:35 170 DMSP F15       80
2011-01-02 14:27 319 14:33:57.9 242.4 50.1 14:41 164 FM5            80
2011-01-02 15:06 154 15:15:58.3  75.1 57.8 15:25 357 OSCAR 32      -80
2011-01-02 15:35 166 15:45:17.2  81.3 75.4 15:55 358 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-02 15:35 232 15:41:51.8 318.4 63.6 15:48  43 FM3            80
2011-01-02 16:34 359 16:43:32.4 282.1 87.7 16:53 185 OSCAR 25      -80
2011-01-02 16:54 198 17:04:23.3 280.8 54.9 17:14   2 OSCAR 32      -80
2011-01-02 17:25 212 17:34:11.2 287.3 42.0 17:44   3 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-02 22:13 167 22:21:36.6  90.8 49.8 22:30  14 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-02 23:25 194 23:32:37.2 116.7 48.3 23:39  40 FM4            80
2011-01-02 23:58 213 00:07:07.5 295.2 54.1 00:15  17 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-03 00:17 129 00:23:44.3  55.8 44.4 00:31 340 DMSP F15       80
2011-01-03 00:45  42 00:50:56.4 132.8 75.1 00:56 218 GFO            80
2011-01-03 01:57 175 02:04:11.6 258.0 57.5 02:11 341 DMSP F15       80
2011-01-03 02:44 358 02:53:34.3  77.0 44.8 03:02 153 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-03 03:03 138 03:11:44.2  69.1 37.7 03:20 357 OSCAR 25      -80
2011-01-03 03:11 141 03:19:26.5  70.9 40.9 03:28 357 OSCAR 31     -145
2011-01-03 03:30 202 03:38:03.2 280.7 47.1 03:45   1 RADCAL         80
2011-01-03 04:03   0 04:12:41.6 246.1 87.4 04:22 185 OSCAR 32      -80
2011-01-03 04:33   1 04:42:17.0 277.1 67.2 04:51 198 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-03 04:50 184 04:58:30.5 270.0 75.5 05:08   1 OSCAR 25      -80
2011-01-03 04:57 188 05:06:19.3 272.5 69.8 05:15   1 OSCAR 31     -145
2011-01-03 05:34 242 05:41:19.8 323.9 54.9 05:49  46 FM2            80
2011-01-03 08:38 156 08:44:11.5 238.4 47.3 08:49 317 GFO            80
2011-01-03 08:57 344 09:05:36.4  72.9 74.1 09:14 160 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-03 10:46 315 10:53:51.6  40.9 63.1 11:01 125 FM2            80
2011-01-03 12:29 319 12:36:50.9 243.7 46.4 12:44 167 FM2            80
2011-01-03 13:53 359 14:01:19.4  83.7 60.1 14:09 167 RADCAL         80
2011-01-03 13:59 319 14:06:43.6 239.0 59.6 14:14 158 FM5            80
2011-01-03 14:41 215 14:47:40.7 126.4 82.4 14:54  41 FM3            80
2011-01-03 15:07 156 15:16:51.2  76.4 60.6 15:26 357 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-03 15:35 357 15:42:19.7 285.6 40.1 15:49 212 RADCAL         80
2011-01-03 15:50 358 15:59:25.5  82.8 63.9 16:09 168 OSCAR 25      -80
2011-01-03 15:58 358 16:07:14.9  84.6 69.1 16:16 171 OSCAR 31     -145
2011-01-03 16:25 188 16:35:27.6 275.9 68.9 16:45   1 OSCAR 32      -80
2011-01-03 16:55 200 17:05:21.9 281.8 52.5 17:15   2 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-03 17:38   0 17:46:26.6 287.9 46.3 17:55 212 OSCAR 25      -80
2011-01-03 17:45   0 17:54:08.9 289.5 43.0 18:03 215 OSCAR 31     -145
2011-01-03 20:11 218 20:19:00.2  32.2 89.7 20:26  42 FM1            80
2011-01-03 21:28 317 21:35:28.5  46.8 79.6 21:42 136 FM3            80
2011-01-03 21:55 258 22:02:38.8 335.0 40.8 22:10  52 FM1            80
2011-01-03 22:39 182 22:47:44.2  97.6 72.1 22:56  14 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-03 22:58 187 23:05:24.9 113.5 40.2 23:12  40 FM4            80
2011-01-04 00:01 123 00:08:23.0  52.4 38.0 00:15 339 DMSP F15       80
2011-01-04 00:25 227 00:33:43.0 302.9 39.0 00:42  18 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-04 01:02  41 01:07:19.5 165.2 88.7 01:12 223 GFO            80
2011-01-04 02:15 356 02:24:41.3  71.0 35.4 02:33 142 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-04 03:34 359 03:43:52.1  92.1 74.2 03:53 175 OSCAR 32      -80
2011-01-04 04:13 170 04:22:12.0  88.6 79.9 04:31   0 OSCAR 31     -145
2011-01-04 05:06 236 05:13:55.0 320.3 62.1 05:21  45 FM2            80
2011-01-04 05:23   2 05:31:46.8 290.6 40.2 05:40 220 OSCAR 32      -80
2011-01-04 06:01 216 06:10:03.3 289.0 35.6 06:19   3 OSCAR 31     -145
2011-01-04 06:36 227 06:43:36.0 314.9 74.9 06:51  43 FM5            80
2011-01-04 07:19 119 07:25:25.2  36.8 55.9 07:30 317 GFO            80
2011-01-04 07:38 343 07:45:49.2  55.5 35.5 07:53 129 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-04 08:20 265 08:27:25.9 339.9 36.9 08:35  55 FM5            80
2011-01-04 08:54 161 09:00:37.7 240.5 39.8 09:06 316 GFO            80
2011-01-04 09:23 344 09:31:54.3 258.9 78.5 09:40 174 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-04 10:19 314 10:26:27.1  37.2 55.6 10:34 119 FM2            80
2011-01-04 12:02 319 12:09:36.3 240.2 55.4 12:17 160 FM2            80
2011-01-04 14:10 132 14:18:57.3  64.2 37.1 14:28 355 OSCAR 32      -80
2011-01-04 14:38 146 14:48:30.1  71.0 48.5 14:58 356 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-04 15:06 358 15:15:04.9  74.1 43.1 15:24 152 OSCAR 25      -80
2011-01-04 15:14 358 15:22:54.2  76.0 46.6 15:32 155 OSCAR 31     -145
2011-01-04 15:56 178 16:06:37.4 276.3 85.2 16:16   0 OSCAR 32      -80
2011-01-04 16:26 190 16:36:38.2 276.6 65.8 16:46   1 OSCAR 23      -80
2011-01-04 16:54   0 17:02:41.6 279.5 68.5 17:12 196 OSCAR 25      -80
2011-01-04 17:01   0 17:10:23.5 280.9 63.4 17:19 199 OSCAR 31     -145
2011-01-04 19:43 212 19:51:42.8 125.4 78.3 19:59  41 FM1            80
2011-01-04 20:35 316 20:41:12.5  37.3 52.0 20:48 119 FM3            80
2011-01-04 21:28 253 21:35:12.5 331.3 44.6 21:42  50 FM1            80
2011-01-04 22:15 318 22:22:21.7 240.6 50.5 22:29 161 FM3            80
2011-01-04 23:05 196 23:14:00.4 287.5 81.0 23:22  15 COSMOS 2407  -200
2011-01-05 00:56 306 01:03:51.3  23.1 38.4 01:11  98 FM1            80
2011-01-05 01:26 161 01:33:09.9 251.3 83.6 01:40 341 DMSP F15       80
2011-01-05 02:46 185 02:53:28.8 272.3 73.9 03:01   1 RADCAL         80
2011-01-05 03:05 359 03:14:57.2  84.2 58.2 03:24 164 OSCAR 32      -80
!
http://maestro.haarp.alaska.edu/haarp/its10/gakona/passplan.html
!   
-Air Force Research Laboratory - HAARP GPS Scintillation & TEC Data-
!
https://scinda.aer.com/haarp/
!
https://scinda.aer.com/haarp/gps/ele_s4/thumbnails/LATEST.GIF
!
https://scinda.aer.com/haarp/gps/azi/thumbnails/LATEST.GIF
!
https://scinda.aer.com/haarp/tec/thumbnails/LATEST.PNG
!
-# GPS Satellite and Receiver C1P2 Biases for HAARP-
!
https://scinda.aer.com/haarp/tec/biases.dat
!
***only getting started, MORE TO COME...
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"The UN-natural STATE of AR-chem-SAS"
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« Reply #182 on: December 29, 2010, 10:48:46 PM »

February 24, 2010
 
Wednesday Webcast: High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP)

• Mr. James Battis, HAARP Program Manager, Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), Space Vehicles Directorate
• Dr. Todd Pedersen, Senior Research Physicist, AFRL, Space Vehicles Directorate
• Dr. Keith Groves , Senior Research Physicist, AFRL, Space Vehicles Directorate
• Dr. Paul Bernhardt, Senior Research Physicist, Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), Plasma Physics Division
• Dr. Craig Selcher, HAARP Program Manager, NRL, Plasma Physics Division

[transcript]
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http://www.defense.gov/Blog_files/Blog_assets/20100224_AWS_trans.pdf
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« Reply #183 on: January 03, 2011, 07:27:35 AM »

Sooo, last night i was reading more detailed specs about haarp (bed time reading for the truly weird) and i came across the following facts which i did not fully appreciate and i think most people here probably will not truly "get"

For instance, did you all know that each antenna in the haarp array (of which there are 180) is 72 feet in height? thats almost 22 meters tall!

The antenna farm (array) is 33 acres in size - thats 133546.2619 Meters squared !
So the haarp beam at ground level where it is at its smallest is approximately 365.43982 meters in each direction !

This beam width expands with increasing height - and they can paint the sky with it - up to 45 degrees from the zenith (see my latest post on haarp 2 for more info on that).

The area this damned thing can occupy must be many many tens of miles in diameter!

how many here truly had this image in their head? Its kinda hard to grasp - the haarp photos give no real idea of scale. IT IS HUGE!
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« Reply #184 on: January 08, 2011, 12:10:35 PM »

By Steve Cooper

...I have been resting the past few days, but I wanted to speak about the bird death issue that has happened in Arkansas and Louisiana. This could have been a missile defense test since in my opinion caused by HAARP. What is HAARP? It is a High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program that can cause earthquakes, move jet streams that is known to manipulate the weather and possibly redirect incoming missiles as well. It is never talked about due to the sensitivity of the project... 

...HAARP is known to kill birds and this has been mentioned by Lt. Col. Tom Bearden. Check his site for more on Scalar and HAARP... 

cheniere.org/books/analysis/history.htm

...Take a look at the map that I posted above and you will see that Arkansas and Louisiana are in a perfect line over each other. I suspect that this was a test to defend against a missile attack coming from the Gulf of Mexico and the electro-magentic field fried those birds from the inside out. Just like a microwave... 

...The 9/11 truther (useful idiots for the Russians) love to mention HAARP, but they never mention Russia and China's version called Scalar. That spiral over Norway last year was Russian Scalar weapons and I believe that was Russia testing their ability to defend against an ICBM nuclear attack... 

*John Wheeler III*

...The KGB/FSB websites know that the American people are paranoid about the Obama thugs and they are capitalizing on this by trying to link the murder of John Wheeler the other day to the dead birds - Click here. I am not buying it. Trust me, if the US Government wanted Wheeler dead, his body would not be in a dumpster... 

...Michael Savage had an excellent theory on Wheelers death and that is he was assisting in an SEC Investigation and someone wanted him gone. Wheeler could have been killed by Iranians or Russians due to his high level of ability when it comes to computer security. An Iranian nuclear scientist was assassinated last month in Iran and this could have been retaliation... 

...Wheeler was last seen walking around disoriented holding his shoe in his hand. He was apparently drugged and eventually murdered it seems. Wheeler does not seem like the type that would go leaking classified information about birds. The EU Times is notorious for spreading BS lies for Putin...

http://theconservativemonster.com/2011/01/05/was-haarp-missile-defense-test-behind-massive-bird-deaths.aspx

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NASA's Bob Benson: Tales Of Chilly Research

...Dec 30 2010...

...As the weather gets colder in Maryland, Bob Benson tells tales of winters he used to know in Minnesota, the South Pole, and Alaska. A five-decade career studying Earth's ionosphere – the part of Earth's atmosphere that reflects radio communication waves – has taken him to some extreme latitudes...

...Standing in the corner of Bob Benson's office is a microfilm reader. You know, the big, boxy machine that was used to look up archived newspaper articles before such things were an Internet search away. That machine is one of the tools Benson has used to scan decade’s worth of data throughout his 46 years at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md. He studies the ionosphere – and the data he studied from various ionospheric satellites were displayed on 35-millimeter film...

..."We had thousands of these boxes," he says, holding up a small cardboard box in which a film lies curled. "When I first came here, we'd go pull them from a drawer at the National Space Science Data Center at Goddard and do analysis with a machine like this."...

...With such a long tenure at Goddard, Benson is a one-person historical record of ionospheric studies at NASA and even beyond. Benson’s research has taken him from pioneering Antarctic campaigns with supplies air-dropped in, to years in the wilds of Alaska, and finally back to an office to archive and rescue some of the earliest data from this field. He has helped improve our understanding of a mysterious, expansive layer of the atmosphere that we nonetheless rely on for things as simple as driving directions, says Benson...

..."Everyone wants to know when to turn right or left when driving down the road," he says. "And the military wants to make sure that the missile arrives at the correct military target. Our GPS radio signals travel through the ionosphere and under normal conditions that works well, but when there's a strong ionospheric storm your links to the GPS satellites can fail completely." In addition, there are many important non-communications satellites in the ionosphere and these can be damaged during magnetic storms, so scientists wish to be able to forecast this kind of space weather just as meteorologists forecast weather on Earth...

...A side effect of studying such phenomenon for Benson has been research time spent in cold environments, since much space research is done near the magnetic poles where solar wind particles can more easily slip down magnetic field lines. He studied physics at the University of Minnesota, was part of the first group to spend the winter at the South Pole Station in 1957, and attended graduate school in Alaska...

...Upon graduating from college, he took a job as a scientist on the 18-person – and one dog -- team that was the very first to winter at the geographic South Pole in 1957, during the International Geophysical Year. He was there under the leadership of Paul Siple, a man who first went to Antarctica as a Boy Scout with Admiral Richard Byrd and who had substantial Antarctic experience. The group spent the first few weeks securing the South Pole base for the winter, setting up their scientific instruments, and retrieving supplies that were dropped in around them by parachute...

...The sun set on March 21, and after a few weeks of twilight, Benson and his colleagues settled in for nearly six months of darkness with temperatures typically between -60° to -80° F. (Which felt additionally cold, due to the wind. In fact, Paul Siple was the man who invented the concept of and the equations for the wind chill index for his PhD in 1939.) Benson was 21 years old when he arrived at the South Pole, and he remembers Siple as a dynamic leader who worked longer hours out in the cold than anyone else and who, much to the group's dismay, doled out the supply of movies slowly so morale wouldn't run too low at the end of the winter if there were only re-runs to be had...

...Benson's scientific work at the South Pole station included the study of the ionosphere using something called an ionosonde. This instrument sends radio waves up into the atmosphere and measures the time it takes them to bounce off the ionosphere and return, carrying information about the height and density of the ionosphere. Bouncing radio communiqués off the ionosphere to distant locations was at the time a common method of communication, so understanding its effects was crucial. Indeed, there was some concern that the ionosphere above their station would disappear during part of the winter disrupting radio communications with the outside world. While there were times when communications were difficult, radio contact with relatives and friends in the U.S. was possible throughout the long winter via ham radio...

...After the South-Pole experience, Benson returned to the University of Minnesota for his master's degree in 1959 before moving to Fairbanks for his PhD in Geophysics at the University of Alaska...

..."My wife, Marilyn, never says how many years we spent in Alaska," says Benson. "She says, 'We spent four winters in Alaska.'" Alaska is where he learned to respect the cold. "In Alaska you always went out in survival mode. You never went on a long trip by car in the winter without sleeping bags in the trunk, because there might not be anybody to help you if your car broke down."...

...While in Alaska, Benson continued to study the ionosphere. Made up of electrons and ions that stretch across the inner layer of Earth's magnetosphere, the ionosphere not only affects the performance of radio communication systems but is the site for auroras and many complex physical processes. And, as Benson likes to point out, it is the easiest, cheapest space environment to investigate because it is filled with the same kind of electrified gas, or plasma, that surrounds the sun and other objects in our solar system...

...In the early 1960s, technological advances enabled scientists to send ionosondes up on spacecraft high up in the ionosphere. The first satellite to carry such an instrument was the Canadian-built Alouette 1, launched in 1962 by the US. For the first time with Alouette 1, the "topside" of the ionosphere could be routinely observed...

..."That first one," says Benson, "Some people at NASA thought it wouldn't last more than a few months – that was a typical lifetime at the time. It was launched in 1962, and I have a plaque here displaying an Alouette-1 ionogram recorded after ten years in space." Benson continued his work on Alouette 2, launched in 1965, and two additional Canadian satellites ISIS 1, launched in 1969 and ISIS 2 launched in 1971, both of which were supported until 1990, pumping out data that led to thousands more of those curled films for Benson's microfilm reader...

...Not all of the data were put on film due to cost considerations. Some were simply kept on magnetic tapes and left to sit in a storage house in Canada. So, in 1992 when the Canadian government announced it could no longer store the tapes, Benson led a restoration project initially funded by NASA's Ionosphere, Thermosphere, Mesosphere (ITM) Data Evaluation Panel to convert the tapes to digital data. "It's like having a new satellite mission suddenly appear with all this historical data," says Benson. "There have been many publications written on these observations."...

...Much of the original ionospheric data is only available on film, so Benson's microfilm reader isn't ready for the Smithsonian yet. Like the machine itself, Benson will continue to use technologies and stories from the past to look forward and improve our understanding of Earth's magnetosphere...

http://www.redorbit.com/news/space/1972020/nasas_bob_benson_tales_of_chilly_research/

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China's Anti-Ship Missiles Aren't Yet Effective, U.S. Naval Analysts Say

...Jan 3 2011...

...China is developing an over-the-horizon radar network to spot U.S. ships at great distances from its mainland, and its navy since 2000 has tripled to 36 from 12 the number of vessels carrying anti-ship weapons...

!Chinese Satellites!

...The Navy statement yesterday said China now “likely has the space-based intelligence and ground processing necessary to support employment. China operates a wide spectrum of satellites which can provide useful targeting within its maritime region.”...

...Before launch, the missile also could receive targeting coordinates from non-space intelligence and reconnaissance such as aircraft, drones, fishing boats and over-the-horizon radar...

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-01-04/china-s-anti-ship-missiles-aren-t-yet-effective-u-s-naval-analysts-say.html

***read entire article...

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...Photographers captured digital photos of a four-stage Black Brant XII sounding rocket and the aurora borealis (inset) on December 12, 2010, during the NASA-funded Rocket Experiment for Neutral Upwelling (RENU). The rocket was launched from Andøya Rocket Range near Andenes, Norway, and carried instruments about 200 miles (320 kilometers) into the atmosphere to observe the aurora and the associated flow of heat, particles, and electromagnetic energy. The photograph of the aurora was taken from the Kjell Henrickson Observatory in Svalbard, which was under the apogee, or peak, of the rocket’s arc through the sky. The rocket landed in the ocean about 900 miles (1450 km) from the launch site...

...The goal of RENU was to measure the flow of particles and heat both into and out of Earth’s upper atmosphere near the North Pole during an auroral event. The solar wind stirs up Earth’s magnetic field and creates electrical currents in the ionosphere. Such disturbances can also heat the atoms of the thermosphere and other atmospheric layers, expanding them and creating extra drag on satellites and spacecraft, shortening their lifespan...

...Around Earth’s poles, the magnetic field stretches out from the core of the planet into space and tucks back in at the opposite pole. The place where most of those field lines bunch up poke out of the Earth usually aligns in an auroral oval, where particles and energy from space precipitate and smash into the oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere to make the reds, greens, and whites of auroras. The funnel-shaped area inside that auroral oval—the polar cusp—is mostly open to space. RENU launched right into that cusp region to observe the flows of particles and energy both inbound and outbound...

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=48340&src=imgrss

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"solar change" to wreak havok on London olympics!

...Jan 6 2011...

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1344702/Freak-space-storm-triggered-solar-changes-scupper-London-Olympics.html?ito=feeds-newsxml

***solar change??? Kinda like "climate CHANGE" eerr global warming, wait I mean cooling, eerr let's call it CHANGE Charlie, they're catching on to us so we gotta expand our loop hole and sound sly eerr I mean smarter... 

***how bout you EXPERIMENTALIST STOP f*kin with our atmosphere, It only keeps every living thing alive and insync, not to mention it PROTECTS this planet from terrestrial activity like Solar Geomagnetic Storms, oh wait you a$$es are probing the sun too... 

***so frustrating, goes around comes around... 
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« Reply #185 on: January 08, 2011, 01:37:04 PM »

I wish what went around came around but for these people they seem somehow to escape. For now at least. I hope that there is an earthquake the topples the damn array in mid use sending a crazy assed beam out sideways and frying anything electronic (?) alive in the vicinity.

Surely, men can only mess with such huge systems for so long with out some kind of catatstophe - or retribution, ensuing?
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« Reply #186 on: January 08, 2011, 02:11:56 PM »

Phas~
that paints a very vivid image in my mind, scary. Careful what u wish for I would assume that scenario would cause a little more damage than what your discribing. I personally think what you put into life is what you will get in return to some degree. If it were up to me I would rather not wage a war with these folks but rather input the proper regulations with a very strong oversight by public background, not gov. They will get nailed with freedom of info (and other avenues) eventually, I just hope not after it's to late to A certain extent.

***I'll bite the tongue for now, this is not over nor swept under rug... THE PEOPLE ARe aWARe and ARe demanding AnsweRs...
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« Reply #187 on: January 09, 2011, 01:37:16 PM »

so, I cant prove this IS HAARP related, but its in SoCal, not too far from the new "haarp 2" I keep on about:

CHECK THIS OUT ! 3 "HOLE PUNCH" clouds in ! PLACE SIMULATNEOUSLY!!!

http://spaceweather.com/



Recently meteorologists have penetrated the mystery: punch holes form when airplanes fly through thin layers of high altitude clouds. If water droplets in the cloud are supercooled (below freezing but still liquid), they can suddenly turn to snow when shocked by the passage of the plane. This mini-snowstorm occurs over a circular area much wider than the airplane itself. (Thou these dont look so big and they are "patchy" seems like BS to me . . . )

YEAH, Right, cos that makes sense sure !
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« Reply #188 on: January 09, 2011, 05:49:26 PM »

so, I cant prove this IS HAARP related, but its in SoCal, not too far from the new "haarp 2" I keep on about:

CHECK THIS OUT ! 3 "HOLE PUNCH" clouds in ! PLACE SIMULATNEOUSLY!!!

http://spaceweather.com/



Recently meteorologists have penetrated the mystery: punch holes form when airplanes fly through thin layers of high altitude clouds. If water droplets in the cloud are supercooled (below freezing but still liquid), they can suddenly turn to snow when shocked by the passage of the plane. This mini-snowstorm occurs over a circular area much wider than the airplane itself. (Thou these dont look so big and they are "patchy" seems like BS to me . . . )

YEAH, Right, cos that makes sense sure !

Mother Nature ain't always that symmetrical.
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« Reply #189 on: January 10, 2011, 08:23:19 AM »

AD0804319

...VAN ALLEN BELT PLASMA PHYSICS...

...AVCO EVERETT RESEARCH LAB INC EVERETT MA...

!!!DEC 1966!!!

...Recent theoretical developments in understanding the plasma turbulence in the Van Allen belts are reviewed. More complex geophysical turbulence phenomena, such as the auroral zone, are not explicitly treated, since their theoretical description is still incomplete. In particular, it now appears likely that instability, and the resulting quasi-linear pitch angle scattering, in the so-called whistler and ion cyclotron modes, limits the fluxes of energetic electrons and ions, respectively, that can be stably trapped in the Van Allen belts, where the Earth's magnetic lines have a dipole mirror configuration. Factors which affect the stability of such waves propagating obliquely to the local magnetic field direction, the velocity space diffusion resulting from their nonlinear growth, and observations relating to the Van Allen belt turbulence are discussed semi-quantitatively...

!keywords!
*OSCILLATION, *VAN ALLEN RADIATION BELT, *PLASMAS(PHYSICS), TURBULENCE, MAGNETOSPHERE, GEOMAGNETISM, STABILITY, MAGNETIC FIELDS, WHISTLERS, SOLAR WIND, DIPOLE MOMENTS, AURORAE, PROTONS, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION, MEASUREMENT, SCATTERING, SCATTERING, ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, PLASMA PHYSICS AND MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS
-
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0804319
-
...Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is the study of the behavior of electrically conducting fluids, such as liquid metals or plasmas, from a macroscopic, continuum point of view. The fluids may be put into motion by imposed magnetic or electric fields, or, as in the case of ordinary fluids, by pressure gradients or gravity. When the magnetofluid is subject to a constant force, it may attain a steady state of motion and field configuration, dissipating energy at a constant rate. Predicting these steady states is essential for the understanding of, for example, magnetic fusion devices or astrophysical plasmas; however, the equations of MHD are nonlinear and very difficult to solve, their applicability is often uncertain, and their numerical solution is very expensive in three dimensions. I have been involved in attempts to predict the MHD steady state by applying the hypothesis that the system organizes itself in order to minimize the global rate of energy dissipation, subject the the constraints appropriate to the problem at hand.... 

*The root papers describing this theory are:

David Montgomery and Lee Phillips. Minimum dissipation rates in magnetohydrodynamics. Phys. Rev. A, 38:2953, 1988.

David Montgomery, Lee Phillips, and Michael L. Theobald. Helical, dissipative magnetohydrodynamic states with flow. Phys. Rev. A, 40:1515, 1989.

http://www.lcp.nrl.navy.mil/~lphillip/mhd.html
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AD023064

Dimensional relations in MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS (MHD)

...Jan 1 1954...

...ONR...

http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=AD023064&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
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***big link!!!

http://www.2dix.com/docx/magnetohydrodynamic-power-generation-technology-pdf-doc.php
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On the Onset of HF-Induced Airglow at HAARP (2005)

...Observations of airglow at 630 nm (red line) and 557.7 nm (green line) during the February 2002 campaign at the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) heating facility are analyzed. We find that during injections toward magnetic zenith (MZ) the green and red lines gain ^5 R within ^1 s and ^20 R within ^10 s, respectively. We term this period the onset of the HF-induced airglow. A model of the onset at magnetic zenith is developed. It accounts for background photoelectrons and dissociative recombination of O(+)2. It is shown that heating and acceleration of background electrons dominate the airglow onset. We propose a scenario for the generation of strong Langmuir turbulence for injections outside the Spitze region, including magnetic zenith...

...BOSTON COLL CHESTNUT HILL MA INST FOR SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH...

!Keywords!    
ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS, ELECTRIC POWER PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION, PLASMA PHYSICS AND MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS, RADIOFREQUENCY WAVE PROPAGATION, *HIGH FREQUENCY, *AIRGLOW, IONOSPHERE, REPRINTS, LANGMUIR PROBES, PHOTOELECTRONS., HAARP(HIGH FREQUENCY ACTIVE AURORAL RESEARCH PROGRAM), WAVE PARTICLE INTERACTIONS, HIGH FREQUENCY MODIFICATION EXPERIEMENTS, TOPSIDE IONOSPHERS, ARTIFICIAL AIRGLOW ONSET, PE61102F, WUAFRL2311SDA3

http://en.scientificcommons.org/18887739
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AD A434 533

...2002 report...

http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA434533&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf
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Devilvision: The Worlds New Wireless Grid

Pertinent History and First Ever Public Discussion of Active Auroral Behavior Modification and Surveillance Technologies.

Chapter 5

The Radiant Arsenal: Some Explanatory Science

Our mind is of 3 categories: what we know, what we don't know, and what we don't know we don't know. Not knowing is unfortunate; not knowing that we don't know is tragic. - W. Erhart

!Humanitarian weapons!

...A plague from the 20th century Psychotronic weapons are related to one of the types of the so-called "non lethal" weapons. Their invisible components can kill at a distance, imitating or causing any chronic illness, they can make a person a criminal or irresponsible, create aviation, railroad or automobile accidents in a matter of seconds, destroy fundamental structures, destroy, create or provoke any climatic cataclysm, control the most complex instrument or mechanism, control the behavior of people and any biological object and change the world-view of the population...

...Hell is Truth Seen Too Late...

!!!The Science of Control!!!

...The HAARP and GWEN projects convinced many scientists and military types of the value in broadcast energy. A lot of this value manifests as ultra-secure communication. Some of the value is in Environmental Modification. But to many of these people, if not most of them, along with their alter egos in politics, the REAL value of broadcast energy is Behavior Modification, and that is a many faceted thing. In fact, even though the second main aspect of broadcast energy, Environmental Modification, can be beneficial in many ways, it is also a form of Behavior Modification, even in its most benign forms. When the environment of biological organisms is modified, so are the organisms within that environment, and that should be obvious...

...As a form of control, Electronic Behavior Modification is extremely efficient and effective when compared to things like corrections programs, harm reduction, economic parity, and political fairness. Behavior modification is the perfect solution for the zealot and the dictator, they with little regard for individuality, freedom of thought, and other troublesome things like that... 

!!!Behavior Modification Technologies of all kinds are the Ultimate Aggression!!!

!The Role Of Plasma! 

...Plasma science is one of the sciences concerned with the behavior of particles within various mediums, at various energy levels. Plasmas can be either liquid or gaseous. Broadcast electrical energy makes use of gaseous plasma, and broadcast energy can also be instrumental in creation of these type of plasmas. Also, and perhaps most importantly, with relatively small amount of input energy from ground based broadcast sources, an avalanche, or new magnitude, of energy may be produced through the harnessing of solar power in novel ways. These are the power sources necessary to really deploy and utilize directed energy weapons, and so far they seem to be a well kept secret, hidden in plain sight...

...An electrical plasma is a gaseous form composed of particles in which many free electrons are present, which may combine or flow from atoms, molecules or radicals to give those particles negative or positive charges causing them to become positive or negative ions. There are numerous methods in which electrical plasmas either form, or are formed. The properties of any given plasma are largely dependent on their relation to an energy source, plus the type of energy source and its magnitude, along with the type of material from which the plasma is derived... 

...For instance: when very fine particles of a material are sprayed into the air at higher altitudes, then expand into a diffuse cloud due to properties of both the material (Technically a solid) and the air (A gas), the energy from the sun which bombards this cloud of finely powdered particulate at upper altitude, then can literally begin to degrade the material, by forcefully separating or stimulating electrons and their movement within the sprayed particles via solar bombardment. This is energy creation/harvesting, the creation of radiant or other usable product, if you have the means to use it... 

...Broadcast energies from antennae, utilizing advanced High Frequency phased array electronic heating systems, and more, can accelerate this process. In this way ions and free electrons are formed, meaning charged and subatomic particles (Quanta), and the sprayed powder becomes an electrically manipulable plasma in every sense of the word. This degradation - stimulation - ionization is many times utilized to direct various types of irradiation groundward, whether this be for a certain purpose, or experimental. If only microwave or lesser radiations are produced, this is called non-ionizing radiation. If energys above ultraviolet are formed (Ionizing Radiation) then the plasma is weaponry of the highest degree. As we will soon see, these types of experiments are known and well developed by the American, Israeli, and Russian militarys... 

...Even though weak light will degrade/stimulate most normal materials, albeit slowly, by aiding oxidation or other chemical reactions, causing ions to form as electrons are stimulated away from their respective nuclei, (ie. Photoelectric effect etc.), some degradation of materials is extremely aggressive, dependent on what is being degraded, and how it is being degraded. Sometimes forming what is known as ionizing radiation which is what one normally associates with radioactive materials or nuclear fallout. Many times other light energies (LASER, others) are formed during the solar degradation of finely powdered particulate matter by the sun. (1a) Types and magnitudes of these energy forms are all calculable, and possess many Weaponry/Behavior Modifying properties. Because this technology is actually denied, and much remains classified, it is difficult to find the exact recipes used in the various deformations during these solar experiments, but a review of the patents concerning particulate materials (Appendix B) will clue the savvy reader to the fact that some secrets are difficult to keep...

...It should also be noted that different source energies will also effect the output of an Active Auroral degradation into electric plasma and fields, allowing a high degree of variability in Environmental Modification of the surface below, and the atmosphere...

 post aerosol treatment:

"United States Patent 4,152,625"

- May 1, 1979-

 Plasma generation and confinement with continuous wave lasers. 

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: 

...Radiation from a high power, infrared laser is directed to a target to initiate a plasma or laser-supported combustion wave, with the assistance of a plasma initiation device. A plasma is ignited using the plasma initiation device, and is allowed to propagate up the laser beam until it encounters and is stopped in the center of the beam by a magnetic field. The position of the plasma along the beam axis and the plasma temperature are controlled by the intensity of the laser beam and the strength of the magnetic field which may force the plasma to retreat into higher intensity regions of the converging beam, where it absorbs more energy from the beam, and hence reaches higher temperatures. By the use of different gases, vapors and/or finely-divided particulates, the physical and chemical characteristics of the plasma may be changed, as desired. For example, the gas employed may be in air or may be any from the group of atomic, molecular, or vapor gases such as xenon, argon, hydrogen or mercury vapor. Particulates which may be added, typically, include those used with an RF generated plasma such as finely-divided aluminum oxide as employed in prior art flame spraying. Thus a stable plasma is initiated in any suitable gas and can be maintained stationary or selectively positioned along an axis while the power input to the plasma is increased..."...

...Finally, lasers can also be propagated (carried/guided) via plasma forms, thereby acting in ways not normally associated with that type of energy. Microwaves can be propagated and employed in that way too: when broadcast or beamed into aerosoled plasma forms (created by spraying fine particulate matter as plumes which then form striated clouds or canopies -- Active Auroras) these energies can be made to act in new ways. Please see the glossary of this book if explanation for any of these terms is needed... 

...Another attribute of charged electrical plasmas is that they are much more manipulable via electromagnetic fields. Some plasmas form naturally, due to naturally airborn solar degradation of fine particulate matter, and the earths electromagnetic field/force. This is how certain layers of the atmosphere have formed over time, and how those same atmospheric layers were maintained through natural processes: the Aurora Borealis, and natural auroras in general, are plasma formations...

...What the US military has learned to do is to create plasmas on demand, Active Auroras, by actually spraying various finely powdered particulates of a reactive nature, at any given point in the atmosphere, forming transient ionized plasmas, which can then be electrically manipulated by mobile units utilizing them for communications, weaponry and more. Though the term Ionosphere or Ionospheric occurs throughout the patent references and other documentation, many of the active auroras used in ENMOD and behavior modification are much lower level, as many photographs and eye witness accounts indicate...

...These sprayings of particulates are readily discernible in today's world, and many, though not all, are used in conjunction with stationary ground based antennae to accomplish environmental and behavior modification having to do with weather and law enforcement. This is why a large number of the excuses given to the middle tier observers who question the operations have to do with rainmaking. Rainmaking with some of this technology is possible, though chemtrail sprayings are not really necessary for MHD (Magneto-Hydrodynamics)(2), but the governments secrets and interests are protected in direct proportion to the amount of confusion they can sow. The more they can muddy the water, the more they can create a basic ignorance of science among the population, creating a milieu where less explanation is necessary, and accountability for disasters or mistakes are nullified as well...

...As a rule, the behavior modifying and weaponry aspects of ENMOD, and the attendant plasma science which becomes available through its deployment, can and are hidden within supposedly beneficial programs. But, as stated earlier in this book, there is not a lot of money in rainmaking and maintenance of the American population, but it has been shown there is quite a lot of money, unlimited money, in drought creation, and disaster, and terror. Here is a short essay done by this author for the net a few months ago, which may help explain the use of chemical spraying in our atmosphere as pertains to ENMOD, And Behavior Modification:..

...There are multiple vectors to a chemtrail. As soon as the mechanically deagglomerated powder is sprayed in a line it acts as a light capturing reflective device which focuses vast amounts of sunlight on small areas of the planets surface. This is according to the HAARP Patent itself, and personal observations/photographic record. Large amounts of energy concentrated on small portions of the earth, where people happen to be, will of course stun the thought processes and other bodily functions of the living things there, because that amounts to big time changes in the immediate environment of those living things, though largely invisible. Be that as it may, these energies are so vast most people cannot imagine. It is a huge energy conditioning ie. ENTRAINMENT, used in conjunction with the antennae farms and wireless active auroral grids deployed across the world now. Considering other characteristics of the overall program, there are some very alarming conclusions to be made, and quickly... 

...Some chemical spraying activity, such as short single or double lines, are used as foci for satellites above. Drones (UAVs) can also be seen spraying dissipating lines on many occasions for the same reason. Triangles, parallel lines, this means the ground below those areas is being bombarded with satellite energies of high magnitude, and known to be damaging in many ways...

...These sprayed lines also propagate laser and other directable energies of a concentrated nature, this is where the surveillance aspects are most evident: various advanced tomographies for imaging are just one small aspect of what is possible with this active aurora technology. Through-roof-radars, and even some endothermic interferometries are being tested daily for their intrusive anti-privacy imaging capabilities. Some of the particulate sprayed is barium oxide, a desiccant and water gathering substance which causes a number of deleterious side effects among we who are sprayed with it daily, said affect appropriately termed Chronic Barium Intoxication...

...Though barium is not known to bio-accumulate, it is by no means the only chemical being sprayed on the world, and vast over exposures to it, such as has been happening since 911 here in America, do have their side effects and known detriments, with chronic barium intoxication being just one. There are numerous medical waste indicators found in a lot of the sprayed samples raining down on us daily...its possible some wunderkind has figured a way to cook those bothersome medical wastes, like in a concrete furnace or something, then also learned to nanopowder this medical waste, as a means of disposal, hoping the suns forces will annihilate any hazards not disposed of prior to disbursement... 

!!!Overall, airborne particulate of ANY type seems to be a major objective of this spraying/energy program!!!

... Propagators/Facilitators...

...This brings us to the second vector of the chemtrails, and that is the spreading and ionization of the chemical/particulate cloud. These chemical clouds become actual electrical plasmas as the sun degrades the particulate into constituent forms. Undulating, washboard-like artifacts in the clouds are one indicator some heavy antennae energy is/was being broadcast, and also orderly forms like tendril hands, eye of horus, chevrons in rows, mammatus, and more, all indicate distinctive and repeated events of ENMOD/Behavior Modification. As a chemical cloud spreads it can and does become an obscurant from prying eyes above, such as some satellites, and it also becomes a magnifier of the suns energies on the ground below, a radiator, depending on the chemical makeup of what was sprayed. Lensing. Mirrors. As well, there is a vast amount of degradation of a photochemical nature taking place as this fine fine powder spreads and is irradiated by the vast powers of the sun....some of this degradation causes other energies, laser of low grade but big power...watchers and photographers have pictures of all these...so these clouds become charged ion plasmas, active auroral, like the aurora borealis, but very portable and customizable. These ion plasmas now become super powerful antennae and are capable of creating vast fields on and below the surface of the earth, easily able to encompass smaller targets such as houses with precision, or whole neighborhoods and cities. Another phase of the spread cloud of chemtrails is this: they can also entrap waves and other energy forms within the shell-like enclosure of what I term the broadcast canopy. It is like the ionospheric shell, but on a smaller, transient scale, and highly charged. Tesla Dome, Dirac shell....you are here...

...The third aspect of chemtrails is the actual physical conditioning of the organisms below via the ingestion of the chemical substances being sprayed... 

...What you are getting at every nights inversion, and just about all the time now, seeing as the spraying has been going on hot and heavy since 911. Its made to help you jump better to the wireless energies just recently installed in your total environment for surveillance, law enforcement, and behavior modification, all in the name of international law enforcement for your international and elite owners, who do not feel safe around all you gun owners, unless they are drugging you and killing you slowly 24-7. Disdain and hate is what America has hired as administrators for the most part, over time. They hate you, in direct proportion their exalted state is dependent on your largesse...

Behavior Modification And The Second Amendment

...If you will start to look up into the sky, you will be able to see many parts of this technology being used daily. People who ask questions about it are either told they are imagining things, or are given a variety of answers depending on their actual station within society. Many times questioning this science will result in the inquirer being targeted for special treatment with other directed energy weapons and even drugs within their water and food supply, so that they just forget all about these questions and fall back into the societal groove from which they had arisen. The people behind this mind control have experimented and fine tuned their methods for well over a hundred years now, and they know just what makes other people tick. They have no compunction whatsoever about utilizing this knowledge to continue their programs of deceit and mind control...

...Also, let us not forget that the need for drought remediation, the rainmaking and all that, was actually created by the other half of the Nazi 3rd Reich scientists, the ones who went to Russia after World War Two. These Cold Warriors had access to Tesla’s work for quite some time, and they actually took it seriously. These Russian Nazis perfected the Magnifying Transmitter and have been attacking America with it and other wireless technology for many decades now. Their goal was to dehydrate this country using their early broadcast technology in MHD ops, causing water crisis and food shortages, a bona fide and very effective tactic in war. This allowed OUR half of the Nazi scientists to then deploy drought remediation, which is still being denied, and is not really drought remediation so much as it is behavior modification technology, a way to overcome the second amendment and Americans right to ownership of firearms. The second amendment is the one thing that has kept America from going the way of all the other New World Order satellites...

...This military technology which has been deployed yet denied throughout America is a direct attack on the people of the United States. Perhaps some aspects of the technology could be beneficial, but not in the hands of madmen, zealots, and little tin dictators. A measure of the advancement of this chemtrail active aurora technology can be see in the patent excerpt below. Bear in mind, this is unclassified and readily available information. One can only wonder at what is still classified and being used right along with this type of weaponry...

United States Patent 5,041,834

... August 20, 1991...

Artificial ionospheric mirror composed of a plasma layer which can be tilted 

...This invention relates to generation of an Artificial Ionospheric Mirror (AIM), or a plasma layer in the atmosphere. The AIM is used like the ionosphere to reflect RF energy over great distances. A tilt able AIM is created by a heater antenna controlled in phase and frequency. The heater antenna phase shift scans a beam to paint a plasma layer. Frequency is changed to refocus at continually higher altitudes to tilt the plasma layer...(See Appendix Q for entire patent)...

!Atmospheric Depletion As Weaponry!

...A lot of ENMOD is about heating the ground. This is done in a variety of ways: through Active Auroral plasmas where heat energy is actually produced by focusing vast amounts of sunlight on the ground with reflective plumes of particulate, as outlined in the HAARP patent, and also by selective atmospheric depletion, which was discovered early in the history of ionospheric heating experimentation...

...By heating portions of the Ionosphere, the heated area will then rise. This is used in many ENMOD operations because as the heated area rises, it draws air in from all sides, an effective atmospheric motion engine. If energy is increased or maintained by ionospheric heating with satellite, and/or phased array, a large portion of the atmosphere can literally be blown out into space. There are records of this happening in the early HAARP experiments, and since. It is thought that in extremis this would be a good way to clear radioactive clouds from the atmosphere. Like much of this technology, it could be beneficial, but so far has been employed by madmen intent on making themselves gods, who deny its existence, and use it for human experimentation and mass torture...

...After these atmospheric depletion operations, literal holes in not just the ozone are created, but sometimes all the way through the atmosphere, down very near ground level in some instances. Many times these depletion events are heralded by UAV drones spraying dissipating trails in lines or other geometric forms: these are literal focii for satellite energies being used in conjunction with the phased array to heat portions of the atmosphere...

...Replenishment of the atmosphere, even with artificial means, takes quite some time. During that interval vast amounts of solar radiation which would normally be filtered by the atmosphere is allowed to pour through this newly created hole, to irradiate the ground below. Some evidences within wildlife and flora have been noted to support this conclusion as well. It is a bona fide technique of ENMOD, and a death maker par excellence. This is the main way the ice caps are being melted, and global warming is just the cover story for that project which has been in the works since World War Two at least...

!New Not Knew Not!

...The concept of auroral antennae are not new, and perhaps by the late 1980’s the Navy had finally begun to understand some of the stuff they microfilmed from Tesla's belongings after his death in 1943. That would help explain the relative technological lull in broadcast energy between then and now. More likely the Navy and those types have been studying real hard behind everyone's back, trying to figure ways in which to use the technology as a form of control. They did spend a lot of time getting the information, and they have also spent a lot of money in the last few decades doing...well, no one is quite sure exactly what they have been doing, but as they are made to show their hand a little at a time, some things are becoming evident, that's for sure...

...According to the custodian at Alien Property storage where Tesla's records went after he died, the navy personnel (Some in uniforms) spent about a month photographing his papers. This report is entirely plausible, as Tesla had envisioned something very much like active auroral technology, supposedly inventing it on paper prior to his demise. Along those same lines, the drawings of his so called Death Ray are extremely similar to what are called phased array antennae, or phased array antennae farms... 

...Tesla had also envisioned an endothermic process whereby real time imagery could be viewed from a distance. Considering he was very adept in television technology, creating concepts for television long before the patented models happened, (He created the power supply that is still being used with Cathode Ray Tube TVs today) he definitely knew from whence he spoke... 

According to Tesla Specialist Tom Bearden of Huntsville Alabama:

..."...Nikola Tesla planned a very special use for his endothermic scalar interferometer, he planned to produce what he called his "big eye to see at a distance. The system used to accomplish this is only weakly endothermic, so that only a small amount of energy is extracted from the distant target, also, the beams are "scanned" by an open receiver, timewise, from side to side and top to bottom. By scanning yet another single beam through the intersection zone and phasing its pulses, an even better representation can be obtained, thus the receiver produces a representation of the energy extracted from various locations within the distant endothermic zone, by displaying the received signals on an appropriately scanned screen, a representation of the distant scene can be created. This is a special kind of "microwave interferometry," and -- with modern techniques -- the imagery obtained can be surprisingly good..."... 

...This has all been further developed and refined today as well. There is quite a lot of patent documentation and other information which shows these processes can actually monitor a human body much like a long range CAT scan, or even with MRI (Magnetic Resonance imaging) from a distance. Like most other aspects of this technology, these phenomena have been weaponized too: weak points in a human organism can be identified with a great degree of accuracy, then targeted for specific treatment/attack with beams, biotech or fields. The head is a prime target in these maneuvers, and if biotechnology has been used to create areas of injury or disease these will show up as areas to be targeted as well. See the patent abstract for inducing physical and mental reactions via resonant frequencies of the human organism, Appendix M...

...As to endothermic systems, and their alternate types, the exothermic systems, Tesla specialist and modern avatar of infinite energy generation Tom Bearden explains these two phases of interferometry as two parts of one process, the magnitude of the results being dependent upon the amount of power employed during the operations... 

...Interferometry is the process of intersecting/superimposing two or more waves/beams of energy possessing different values so that a zone of interference/intersection is created at a specific target. Detection of the differences in the output energies of the interference zone will reveal details which are dependent on the actual reaction of the multiple beams/waves at the target, the magnitude of power used, and the sophistication of the equipment. At low power the interference zones caused by intersecting beams/waves draw (endothermic) or deliver (exothermic) very small amounts of energy which are used to construct imagery of the target for military purposes, up to and including the precise targeting of organisms with other energy types... 

Some of this targeting is used thus:

...Measurement and Signature Intelligence (MASINT) is scientific and technical intelligence information obtained by quantitative and qualitative analysis of data (metric, angle, spatial, wavelength, time dependence, modulation, plasma, and hydromagnetic) derived from specific technical sensors for the purpose of identifying any distinctive features associated with the source, emitter, or sender and to facilitate subsequent identification and/or measurement of the same...

MASINT includes: 
Radar Intelligence (RADINT)
Acoustic Intelligence (ACOUSTINT)
Nuclear Intelligence (NUCINT)
Radio Frequency/Electromagnetic Pulse Intelligence (RF/EMPINT) 
Electro-optical Intelligence (ELECTRO-OPTINT)
Laser Intelligence (LASINT)
Materials Intelligence
Unintentional Radiation Intelligence (RINT)
Chemical and Biological Intelligence (CBINT)
Directed Energy Weapons Intelligence (DEWINT) 
Spectroscopic Intelligence
Infrared Intelligence (IRINT)

...These eavesdropping technologies all utilize relatively small amounts of power in their deployment against small, individual targets... 

...Conversely, when macro power derived from full blown active auroral and TMT/Phased array operations is applied to these same processes, the potential for ENMOD is realized and has been actually employed in many instances during the last two decades. If the huge power sources generated by Active Auroral/TMT are used in endothermic interference operations, the zone of beam/wave confluence will shed vast amounts of energy, causing a literal cooling explosion where temperatures will quickly, within minutes, drop by many tens of degrees across the zone of interference. These zones can and do encompass square miles. This is utilized in Environmental Modification today...

...The energy drawn from the zone manifests at the transmitter receiver of this operation and can then be redirected to a zone where energy is required, either for ENMOD, weaponry, or both. This is, more than anything, a redirecting of energy, whereby cooling/heating aspects are available for various purposes. If the transmitter/receivers happen to be of an Active Auroral nature, or utilize active auroras in their make-up, the heat produced can be used in other atmospheric operations, which include but are not limited to ionospheric heating...

...Tesla's first earthquake machine was just a steel beam that was embedded in the concrete at the foundation of a building he was using as a laboratory in New York. He calculated the frequency necessary to accomplish a resonance through the Earth, then set up a trip hammer device run by an engine. The hammer struck the embedded beam at the correct frequency, and before the experiment was all over Nikola Tesla was shaking the whole neighborhood -- as the resonance gained power traveling through the molten core of the planet it rebounded from the other side of the planet with greater and greater force...soon the entire area surrounding his laboratory was vibrating in earthquake, and Tesla was forced to take a sledge hammer to the engine of his contraption to shut it down as quickly as possible. It was reported that over 10,000 (ten thousand) windows were broken across the city due this experiment. (6) Because there was no real mass communication at the time, it is no telling what was happening tectonically elsewhere in the world as a result of this. Later Tesla built giant antennae as the natural progression of this science, but lost funding before the final version could be employed in any meaningful or profitable way... 

...It is surmised that much of the middle east oil obtained by warfare in the middle east was not for use by Americans in their vehicles, but for antennae electricity to engage in this type of experimentation or literal environmental/behavior modification. The evidence for that mounts daily. This is also another reason the nuclear power is being developed as quickly as possible at this time... 

...Artificial resonance created via the Tesla Magnifying Transmitters (TMTs) within the ionospheric shell of our planet allow the operators massive amounts of energy to address many issues of ENMOD and other things, anywhere on the globe. As illustrated in the above reference to Nikola Tesla’s earthquake machine, this type of program also influences tectonic activity, and can be used as a weapon to create earthquakes or tsunamis, as well as gross and measurable tectonic based behavior modification. It is well known the lower animals react to tectonic activity, it is less well known how it effects humans, but rest assured we are even more susceptible to these alterations in our environment...

...Along with the tectonic aspects of the TMT comes the applications of ultrasound. (7) These include but are not limited to the use of what is known as thermoacoustics. Thermoacoustics is the redirection of energy using acoustics, sound. One modern application of this is refrigeration. The popular ice cream makers Ben And Jerry were instrumental in developing an ultrasonic refrigeration system as a means to promote their ice cream and to bring this technology to the public eye. When employed via macro power sources such as phased array antennae used as TMTs, macro cooling effects across vast areas are possible... 

!Now Hear This!

...One of the main ways energy was used in directed energy weapon and behavior modification experimentation in the past, that is, before the advent of active auroral processes, was with sound. The point of all that experimental technology was to convey energy through the gaseous composition we call air, using sound waves. In fact, acoustic weapons are also called sound weapons, though most are basically frequency weapons. Frequency weapons make use of the bodies natural response to various electromagnetic stimuli. Very few acoustic weapons depend on raw energy in brute force. The proximity to the target which is necessary for something like that precludes most usefulness... 

...With the advent of microwaves and laser, along with other types of directable energies, many new weaponry applications were born. It was soon discovered that energy which is pulsed at certain frequencies can cause many different effects, especially when the various resonating frequencies of the human body are identified and exploited. Even levels of energy normally considered subliminal (Below conscious recognition) can be used to coerce people. The subliminal types of pulsed energies may be even more potent in their ability to create predictable behavior. This is a very important fact, as we will soon see during our review of electrogastrographics as reulting from some very distasteful frequency weaponry, and the effect of the digestive system on any given persons state of mind...

-Atmospheric Lensing and Interference Patterns-

...Quantum Mechanics is the branch of physics dealing with the sub-atomic attributes of matter (Quanta). Classical physics is a flawed and innacurate construct, though this only becomes apparent at the subatomic level, where new rules for the behavior of matter have been discovered and are exploitable... 

...Quantum mechanics includes the precept that all matter is composed of elementary particles which sometimes behave as particles and sometimes as waves. This is known as the Wave/Particle Duality Principle of quantum mechanics, and it is this duality which begins to exhibits the inherent weirdness within quantum reality to the observer/experimenter . For instance, as far as broadcast energy is concerned, the lower frequencies tend to act more like waves, than particles, while higher frequencies usually possess the properties of particles more than waves. There are interpretations that also seem to relate particle characteristics to matter which exist below the subatomic level, and wave characteristics to the atomic level and above... 

...As particles these most basic forms of matter (So Far!) were first labeled Quanta, thus the name Quantum Mechanics, which most people have at least heard about today. Quantum physics makes use of the characteristics of the subatomic world to understand reality a little better, because at that level the rules of observable reality no longer hold true...

... Many unique, interesting, and valuable attributes of this matrix can be understood and exploited through the formulae of Quantum Mechanics. From the book “The Story Of The Laser”, by John M. Carroll:

“The big advance came with the discovery of quantum mechanics -- a discovery made quite independently by two investigators in the same year, 1925"
 
...Werner Heisenberg, a German physicist, arrived at his answers by working with the results of spectroscopic investigations and formulating them into a then new mathematical device called the matrix. His results were first called matrix mechanics...
 
...An Austrian physicist, Erwin Schrodinger, came upon essentially the same result by another route. His work depended upon previous studies by a frenchman, Louis de Broglie. De Broglie answered once and for all the conundrum that still confuses some students: Is an electron a particle moving at high speed or is it a wave? De Broglie showed that any fast moving particle can be considered as a wave and that it is amenable to the same mathematical treatment as a wave is. Thus Schrodinger applied a probabilistic treatment to the classical wave equation and came out with an elegant mathematical formulation known as Schrodingers wave equation...when an electron drops from an outer ring to an inner ring within the makeup of a substance (whether that be from natural reasons or more likely artificial stimulation) it emits photons (energy)...similarly, when the electron moves from an inner ring to an out ring, it absorbs a certain quantum of energy...” ...

...When Quantum mechanics is studied and applied to the world at large, it quickly becomes evident that most of mankind's science up to and including atomic explanations are just a result of our inability to realistically observe the world. The human organism is not equipped to perceive true reality without first inventing the means to view reality at the subatomic levels. With the aid of machines and further experimentation, science has begun to augment normal abilities of observation, and this, more than anything else, is from whence the realization of Quantum phenomena is derived. The mathematics are plainly indicative, but up until the experiments were performed that could prove the theory, a lot of quantum mathematics was discarded as flawed. Einstein said that the more the theory was proved mathematically, the sillier it looked...

...Early in the development of Quantum Physics many different experiments took place trying to prove and/or disprove the theory. Though very difficult to understand from the human perspective, even impossible to understand, Quantum Physics/Electrodynamics/Mechanics today is one of the most proven theories of all time. This science is utilized in all modern electronics, advanced optical solutions, ENMOD, broadcast electrical technologies and much more... 

...No one was ever able to actually envision a world described by the mathematical equations which represent Quantum theory.... 

...Even Nobel Prize winners who had contributed to Quantum Theory had to admit they did not understand it. The closest science has come to visualizing the true reality proven by Quantum Physics was after a physicist named Hugh Everett propounded what has become known as the MANY WORLDS interpretation of Quantum Existence...

...Basically Everett stated that our view of the universe was just a faulty interpretation resulting from the human condition, and that reality is composed of infinite dimensions, or universes, constantly evolving. Some are in very close proximity to our dimension, therefore very similar, while others, more distant, are less similar. These dimensions are infinite, and exist at all earlier times and all future times. There is not, per se, a universe, it only appears that way to us. In quantum reality there is a MULTIVERSE, an infinite number of universes, always forming and interconnected, of which this reality is but an aspect... 

...Also according to, and proven by Quantum Physics and the Many Worlds view of the multiverse: time is nothing like we perceive it to be, there really is no such thing as past and present, these only exist along our perceptual continuum, they are actually a result of our perspective in relation to our environment. All quantum equations and postulations work both forward and backward in time. This is an interesting datum, though it is only being used here to illustrate the true difference between what humans see as reality, and the actuality. The true role of the human organism as author/creator/replicant within the multiverse has yet to be fully or even partially realized, though some are making headway. That is, most definitely, another story anyway...

!Light Is The Key!

...As already mentioned, there has never been an experiment or
happenstance to refute the Multiverse view of reality, and there is actually a famous experiment which PROVES the existence of the multiverse, wherein various numbers of slots in a piece of cardboard have a light shined through them -- preferably coherent light (Laser) but not entirely necessary -- with extremely odd results, not what you would imagine or consider to be common sense...

...Light shined through one slot in a board produces a white bar on a wall opposite the opening, but two slots produce a whole series of bars of light, then if the light is shined behind FOUR slots, you get half as many bars of light as you did with two! Easily repeatable and this information can be found in many places... 

...Finally, it was argued that the oddity of the bars of light produced from shining a light through various slots in a board was possibly an artifact of the properties of light within this universe, but not only was that disproven, but this unexpected and very odd behavior was repeated under extremely controlled circumstances where one single photon (A Quanta, or subatomic particle of electromagnetically radiated matter, ie. light) at a time was shot at the various arrangement of slots over a few hours time. The exact same patterning and anomalies were exhibited under these controlled circumstances, to the consternation of many...

...The anomalous way the light shows through a series of slots in a board is called the INTERFERENCE PATTERN, and the only thing that explains it perfectly is Everetts Multiverse interpretation of the Quantum world, because even though we cannot see it happening, light energy here is constantly being interfered with, and INTERFERING with, other light energy of the neighboring dimensions. If performed correctly this interaction may actually draw energy from the other dimensions, and this is probably why some people have reported what is termed Over Unity results from certain experimentations. Over Unity means they get more energy out of an experiment than was put in. This is, perhaps, because they are not truly aware of the actual energy available to the mechanic operating within the Quantum realm...

...The reason any of this is being explained is because the same type of interference, and results, can be obtained at the macro quantum level, using shapes and forms as engines of quantum reality. This is being exploited elsewhere now, such as through the use of self-assembling quantum dots and the subatomic shapes used to manipulate them...

...The next time you see straight lines in the sky think of the above Quantum light experiment proving the multiverse: the experiment of parallel slots cut in paper, then remember what has just been discussed, and understand that these are gigantic energy experiments whose overall outputs make nuclear bombs appear to be firecrackers and children's toys. Notice in the abstract below from 1978 the reference to chemical plasmas (Barium) in relation to nuclear bomb simulations...

AD A072 167
 
Radio Communication Utilizing the Base of a Striated Barium Plasma.
 
Descriptive Note: Topical rept. Apr-Jul 78, Personal Authors: Fulks,G. J.;Scott,L. D.;Sowle,D. H.;Wortman,W. R.; Report Date: JUL 1978 Pages: 43 PAGES Report Number: MRC-R-401-R Contract Number: DNA001-78-C-0237 Project Number: S99QAXH TASKNUMBER: B053 Monitor Acronym: DNA,SBI Monitor Series: 4670T,AD-E300 465 

!keywords!
 *RADIO TRANSMISSION, *STRIATIONS, NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS, HIGH FREQUENCY, PLASMAS(PHYSICS), REFLECTION, NUCLEAR EXPLOSION SIMULATION, CROSS SECTIONS, HIGH ALTITUDE, NUCLEAR CLOUDS, COMMUNICATION AND RADIO SYSTEMS, RADIO SIGNALS, BARIUM, BOTTOM, RADIO RECEPTION, IAvefria operations, Barium clouds, Cloud bases, Base reflection, PE62704H, WU09 

...In conjunction with the DNA barium releases, Avefria I and II, an experiment was undertaken to determine if radio communication was possible off the base of a striated plasma created by these barium releases....

Source Code: 406548 
from: 
http://stinet.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/fulcrum_main.pl?database=TR_U2&database=FT_U2&numrecords=25&search.DOC_TEXT=barium

...The actual evidence we can see of this technology being used on a macro scale are the many trails of particulate sprayed in the sky daily throughout the world, also mentioned in Eastlunds patents as well as many others. The plumes are used for many things, in many ways, because they are expensive and the world bank thinks it has figured a way to put Americans in debt forever with this breach of trust and common sense. A large number of the quantum techniques and properties are definitely used in conjunction with ENMOD techniques evident everywhere in the sky for the last 7 years at least... 

A few indicative patents concerning the above:

 "Columnar Focal Lense" is a structureless, vertical, gas plasma column with a gas plasma lense at the end of it. [5,900,986]   The Navy has a "Horizontal Plasma Antenna Using Plasma Drift Currents" patent. [6,118,407]   These are not the only patents in this area. A more recent Navy patent is "Standing Wave Plasma Antenna with Plasma Reflector." [6,046,705]

...This is the energy being used on you in many esoteric and unhealthy ways. Many of the forms and geometries being created in the sky also possess macro lensing/focusing properties, as stated in the HAARP patent, and evident in certain well known though novel lensing configurations, such as the Fresnel lense, whose main attribute in today's world happens to be the concentration of sunlight for solar power...

...One of the premier uses of Active Auroral broadcast technology is the ability to place a 3 dimensional electrical field almost anywhere and then manipulate that field with a high degree of accuracy (See appendix D -- HAARP Patent in entirety). This allows many other operations to be performed, including many different types of tomography, an invisible but invasive electrical imaging procedure where an object or body is viewed and imaged in sections. The imaging obtained from these operations is exceptional in quality and detail, and it is surmised that this is even moreso when high powered electrical fields such as are available by generating and electrifying an active aurora become manifest. There are many different types of tomography, whereby 3d imagery is obtained and stored in a computer, so that digital geometry processing can then be used to generate extremely detailed images of the inside of an object. The main differences between the various types of tomography are attributable to the energy source being used to do the scanning... 

...One type of tomography is called Earth Penetrating Tomography, and utilizes as its power source: gamma rays (SPECT), electron/positron annihilation (PET), nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI), ultrasound (ultrasonagraphy), electrons (3D TEM), and ions (Atom Probe)... 

...The similarity of these types of scanning technologies and procedures, with energy types known to be producable by active auroral means, leads the researcher to conclusions beyond doubt that some of the active auroras possess mind control applications at least applicable to the production of pain and discomfort in highly variable degrees. Further research along these lines, with eventual declassifications of military control technologies in the future will bear this out even further...

From an advertisement for ImpSar technology:

“Impulse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ImpSar) Technology:

...Eureka Aerospace is developing a "through-the-wall" imaging system capable of "seeing" through walls such as drywall, wooden wall, concrete wall and brick wall, using extremely high-resolution transient Impulse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ImpSAR) system. The system is capable of remotely imaging targets such as man, weapons, file cabinets, tables etc. on the "other" side of the wall, at large standoff distance.
The ImpSAR operates in a transient, impulse radar regime, where extremely short pulses (approximately 100 ps) having extremely large bandwidth (approximately 3.5 GHz) are radiated using a special impulse radiating antenna (IRA). The presence of the microwave energies in the 250-3500 MHz frequency range, together with the very narrow pulsewidth, assures adequate penetration through walls and high resolution of microwave images (in the order of 5 cm in both range and cross-range directions).”...

!All of these sciences are easily adaptable to high power operations via Active Auroral Technologies.! 

...Many people believe their thoughts to be inviolate, with any reference to mind control, either electronic or otherwise, firmly placed within the realm of the ridiculous. Actual voice to skull mind control, or imagery and words inserted into someones mind, possess a strong science fiction flavor to most people too. Experimenters in mind control, such as many of the Nazi doctors who entered this country under Project Paperclip, understand this basic though erroneous precept of the mass, and have used it at length to hide their real successes in Mind Control... 

...It is well known by most people that human thought processes are tied directly to human emotions. We are very emotional creatures, and most of that stems from the instinct of fear which is a prime template overlying humanities self-preservation software... 

...Human emotions themselves are directly tied to ones physical condition, and everyone is familiar with this. A person performs below optimum levels during periods of pain or dis-ease, with various types of illness or pain causing different behavior, and in varying levels too, usually in direct proportion to the pain or dis-ease. Because thought processes are heavily effected by emotions, and emotions are most times directly related to pain and/or dis-ease (Health), we can postulate that the ability to cause pain or disease is also the ability to directly effect how people think... 

...That is true mind control, and it is much easier to achieve than directly inserting images or words into a persons head, or by attempting to coerce the person with violent means or deprivation or what have you. When a subject becomes sensitized to certain types of pain or dis-ease that are artificially created, especially if the subject is unaware of being tortured in this manner, they will act in predictable ways that quickly manifest as a true spectrum of behavior, so that this literal and real mind control becomes inseparable from their natural psyche, undetected and undetectable...

...the ability to cause pain, whether it be joint pain, tooth pain, gastric distress, exacerbation of existing conditions, eruption of old injuries, the inability to heal, and more, is also the ability to at least semi-control a persons behavior. It is not a coincidence that a lot of broadcast technology and biotech has been weaponized for just these purposes (See the Army's Patented Mycoplasma weaponry in the appendix for one example of this weaponry). This will be reviewed in greater detail later on, but for now, a good beginning toward understanding this type of coercion will occur by studying a well hidden but very real electrical phenomenon of the human body which is being used to form peoples behavior in extremely effective ways...

...The human body possesses electrical characteristics. That means that actual voltages and currents are measurable in any living entity, and also these operations possess varying frequencies which are easily disrupted by over riding frequencies of greater amplitude, meaning of greater power. One very important bodily system which is quite electric in nature is that of the gastric system, the processing of food and its elimination...

...The human gastric system is so electrical in nature that its overall activity and health can be measured cutaneously, with sensors on the skin in the general vicinity of the intestines and stomach. This science of determining gastric health via measurements of the electrical activity of the stomach and bowels is called electrogastrographics, or electrogastrography. This science has been around a long time, but is relatively unknown, as if it has been buried for purposes unknown. During the researching of this book, approximately 3 years ago, there was only one reference to this science available on the internet. Though the database has grown somewhat since then, it remains highly specialized and unknown, even though (Or especially because) a lot of wireless and broadcast technologies are known to cause gastric distress such as chronic acid reflux, diarrhea, chronic constipation, gall bladder disorders, and more, depending on the subjects proximity to the energy source, and what kind of energy is being broadcast...

-Here is a list of some books concerning the earlier works in electrogastrography, illustrating the fact that the electrical activities of the stomach have been known for quite some time, and may actually be intrinsic to behavior modification via electrical manipulation from outside:

Alvarez W. C. Differences in rhythmicity and tone in different parts of the wall of the stomach. Am. J. Physiol., 11:585-91, 1916. 
Alvarez W. C. New methods of studying gastric peristalsis. JAMA, 79(16):1281-85, 1922. 
Alvarez W. C. The electrogastrogram and what it shows. JAMA, 78(15):1116-18, 1922. 
Alvarez W. C. and Mahoney L. J. Action current in stomach and intestine. Am. J. Physiol., 58(3):477-82, 1922. 
Alvarez W. C. and Mahoney L. J. The relations between gastric and duodenal peristalsis. Am. J. Physiol., 64(2):371-76, 1923. 
Luckhard A. B., Phillips H. T., Contributions to the physiolgy of the stomach. Am. J. Physiol., 50:57-62, 1919. 
Richter C. P. Action currents from the stomach. Am. J. Physiol., 67:612-33, 1924. 
 Klein E. Gastric motility. Arch. Surg., 12:571-75, 1926.

...This information about electrogastrography is important to understand, because control of the stomach and its processes are a very real and insidious form of mind control, tying into the use of many weapons which are called...drumroll...FREQUENCY WEAPONS! Handheld or overfly versions of Frequency Weapons are being used by operatives of the secret police here in America, in much the same way they were used by their original developers, the KGB and its satellites, in Soviet Russia during the 70's and 80's. These weapons are being used to override the human bodies normal functions, causing untreatable damage and even death. Below is one patent concerning a frequency weapon which even mentions disruption of the gastrointestinal process, sudden loose stool, stomach irregularities, and more. How many of these symptoms have YOU had in the last 8 years, or seen in others? When applied to entire cities or even larger populations via active auroral antennae technologies, all the symptoms are intensified and broadened in their scope...

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« Reply #190 on: January 10, 2011, 08:24:36 AM »

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United States Patent 5,800,481

September 1, 1998
-580346-
December 28, 1995

Thermal excitation of sensory resonances

...In man, autonomic and cortical resonances of the nervous system can be excited by inducing subliminal heat pulses in the skin by means of a resistive heat patch, laser, heat lamp, or microwave radiation, or through a slow air jet that carries a small periodic fluctuation in temperature. Deeply subliminal skin temperature oscillations of frequency near 1/2 Hz induced in a subject by any of these means cause sleepiness, drowziness, relaxation, a tonic smile, ptosis of the eyelids, a tense feeling, sudden loose stool, or sexual excitement, depending on the precise pulse frequency used. For certain higher frequencies, the induced subliminal skin temperature oscillations cause fractured thought and a slowing of certain cortical processes....There is further application in the form of nonlethal weapons, involving a pulsed infrared laser or a pulsed microwave beam, tuned to a sensory resonance pulse frequency.... The narrowness
of the band of effective frequencies is suggestive of a resonance, and the phenomenon is therefore called "the 1/2 Hz sensory resonance". The resonance can be excited through the sense of balance, as we know from "rocking the baby" or relaxing in a rocking chair. But the resonance can also be excited by physical means other than motion, such as externally generated weak electric and magnetic fields...Since the resonances are excited through the senses and involve the autonomic nervous system, they are called "autonomic sensory resonances". Experiments have shown that, for the mentioned responses to occur, the amplitude of the skin temperature oscillations must fall in a rather restricted range, called the effective intensity window. Further experimentation has shown the existence of resonances at higher frequencies. These resonances appear to involve cortical processes and are therefore called "cortical sensory resonances"...The cortical sensory resonances cause a slowing of certain cortical processes. Furthermore, prolonged exposure to heat pulses near 2.4 Hz can cause mental states that may be characterized as "fractured thought". ...Radiative induction may be achieved by a pulsed heat lamp, a chopped heat lamp beam, a keyed laser beam, or by pulsed microwave radiation...These discoveries open the way for influencing the nervous system of a subject by delivering weak heat pulses to the subject's skin... 

!Nano Nano!

...Nanotechnology is something that everyone needs to know about. Many materials take on new and very odd properties when they become powdered, and the smaller the size of the particles within this powder, the more pervasive and fluctuating does the nature of a material become...

...Nanotechnology is said to be, if not a total control over the structure of matter, at least a much better control of it. There are many beneficial aspects to a lot of new technology, and nanotechnology is no exception. The main problem the world faces today is that insanity of real and measurable type has permeated all the governments throughout the world, and a lot of the insanity is greed based, with a strong military presence created as a means to perpetuating this never ending hunger... 

...Many well known physicists and other scientists have stated that nanotechnology is the next step up in our ability to manipulate matter, and will herald a new age. Minute computers of vast power will be created, along with huge advances in medical treatments, and much more. Well and good, though it has already been witnessed that when used in conjunction with certain other technologies, nanotech inherits some sinister aspects that were not expected, or were hidden well by people doing the experimentations... 

...For instance, nanotechnologies and the processing thereof include plans for micro machines called assemblers, which will be used by computers and in reaction type situations, whose purpose is to literally assemble atomic and molecular substances one piece at a time. They will also be able to assemble themselves, meaning they will be able to replicate. There is a possibility, at this level, of runaway reactions. Some scientists say it could be the literal undoing of all biological matter into what has been called a gray goo, that is the Gray Goo Scenario. That may be an alarmist outlook, or not. When considered against some of the irresponsible actions being perpetrated as Environmental Modification, along with the present day problems already created by that decade long experiment (the looming spectre of world starvation could become a reality because of it) one can only wonder what the true results of nanotechnology might really be. At this point it is worth noting that one of the early experiments in electronic Artificial Intelligence involved code self-replication within computer memory, and these became the first computer viruses, which, as most people know, have evolved into many different things and caused a great deal of damage since their inception...

...Nanotechnological processes are also behind the powdering of substances that are being sprayed in the skies to create active auroras for various and generally nefarious purposes. The ability to powder a substance down nearer its molecular level facilitates its degradation/ionization under conditions of solar bombardment. Some of the active auroras being used to irradiate the ground and its organisms (That's you) with various forms of electromagnetic energy are created with substances like these. Too, there is rumor of secret military technology using what are called nano-orbs. These orbs are sprayed across an enemy area to permeate/inundate, that area. These Nano-orbs have unique capabilities, in that they cling invisibly to mucous membranes like the eyes, and will remain in place indefinitely. They are also tunable by classified technologies, such as those possessed by Time Domain Corporation of Huntsville Alabama. These are exterior sprayable implants, and are inescapable. Everyone in the area of their deployment becomes possessed of a unique electronic signature. The operators of the long range eavesdropping technology can tune anything alive in, seeing what they see, with great clarity, at any time. As evidenced by the following PDF abstract concerning military research in "Radio-Labled Microspheres" this concept is already in place within the medical industry. Further extrapolation then becomes much less like science fiction, and much more like reality:

...Inhalable Radio Labeled Microspheres Journal of Applied Toxicology ...  

11 Jan 2006...Measurement of the deposition and clearance of inhaled Radio-labeled microspheres ...

...EXPERIMENTAL. Radiolabeled microspheres...Polystyrene latex (PSL) microspheres labeled with a. tightly bound W r isotope..

http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/abstract/112227803/ABSTRACT?CRETRY=1&SRETRY=0

...Measurement of the deposition and clearance of inhaled radiolabeled particles from rat lungs...

Department of Community and Environmental Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Toxic Hazards Research Unit, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio

...When used in conjunction with biotechnology (Biotech) Nanotech also possesses benefits and detriments. The well publicized anthrax attacks were dependent on an advanced electrostatic powder which facilitated the explosion of spores when an envelope was opened, causing the recipient to actually inhale the anthrax which killed five people. The criminals behind that military grade anthrax and its highly technological delivery system have never been found...

...As with most technology, nanotech has and will continue to be weaponized by the forces of control and fascism...

Biotechnology

...Biotech has become a tool of fascism as well. It is being used to create biological weapons and drugs which are then employed to control people. Many of the powdered substances which are being sprayed in the skies contain biological materials, as numerous studies have shown. It is this authors observation and opinion that at least some of the biological materials being detected in these sprayed chemical trails are actually powdered medical wastes. Others may in fact be inoculations or just plain human experimentation...

...The new global taxation scheme which the world elite and their appointee here are trying to institute utilizes the need for so-called carbon sequestration as one excuse for their new world order, and the attendant taxation state. This ludicrous and ridiculous scenario is also an excuse for a lot of the chemical spraying being done in the words skies daily, since 911. It is stated openly within this scenario that the reason carbon sequestration is needed hinges largely on the fact that many of the worlds forests have been wantonly destroyed. It is the goal of these tax men to now replant the world, but with Genetically Modified (GM) trees. It is almost as if the destruction occurred so that these closed ended systems could then be implemented. Where ever genetically modified products can replace a natural product, expect those natural products to be attacked with eradication in mind, so that total control of food and water and the environment in general is obtained by those who need to control, whether it be to make themselves feel superior, or for profit, or for other reasons unfathomable...

...The weaponization of biotech is a major goal among the worlds military, especially in America, as witnessed by the below statements taken from the PNAC (Project for a New American Century) document entitled “Rebuilding Americas Defenses”...

..."Although it may take several decades for the process of transformation to unfold, in time, the art of warfare on air, land, and sea will be vastly different than it is today, and "combat" likely will take place in new dimensions: in space, "cyber-space," and perhaps the world of microbes."...

"...Advanced forms of biological warfare that can "target" specific genotypes may transform biological warfare from the realm of terror to a politically useful tool."...

...Finally, like the Schumann Resonance (The natural resonant energy created by standing waves in the ionospheric shell) it appears for all the world that the madmen and greed mavens within the government, along with their end-times excuses, are doing everything possible to remove inherent structures here on Earth that have developed over many millennia, in an attempt to recreate things in their own image and likeness...

Gray Goo Indeed.

...Near ultraviolet, visible light, infrared, microwave, radio waves, low frequency RF and static fields are all examples of non-ionizing radiation. Visible and near ultraviolet may induce photochemical reactions, ionize some molecules or accelerate radical reactions, such as photochemical aging of varnishes or the breakdown of flavoring compounds in beer to produce the 'lightstruck flavor'. The light from the Sun that reaches the earth is largely composed of non-ionizing radiation, with the notable exception of some ultraviolet rays. However, most ionizing radiation is filtered out by the atmosphere (see Earth's atmosphere). Static fields do not radiate...

Plasma Degradation - The Production of LASER and other Energies

METHOD, SYSTEM AND APPARATUS FOR CONDITIONING ELECTROMAGNETIC POTENTIALS, FIELDS, AND WAVES 
TO TREAT AND ALTER MATTER
 
Tom Bearden
http://www.cheniere.org/patent%20application/claim.htm
 
"Generation of light by a scattering medium with negative resonance absorption,"

Apr. 1968, 

MHD (Magneto-Hydrodynamics)

http://www.ornl.gov/sci/fed/mhd/mhd.html

...Using the Earths magnetic Field, through augmentation, to influence Vapor and groundwater...

http://www.auburn.edu/~ajm/mhd/mhd.html

...Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). This is the theory of the macroscopic
interaction of electrically conducting fluids with a magnetic field. It is
of importance in connection with many engineering problems such as plasma
confinement, liquid-metal cooling of nuclear reactors, and electromagnetic
casting. It also finds applications in geophysics and astronomy...

http://tesladownunder.com/Magnetohydrodynamics.htm#Magnetohydrodynamics

-Barium Intoxication-

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstrac
tPlus&list_uids=15082100&query_hl=2
appendix B 

-Biological materials in chemtrails-

carnicom.com
chemtrailcentral.com
bariumblues.com

ionospheric depletion
this is just one of the earliest examples of this experimentation...many experiments have been noted along thes lines in Alaska as well (Dan Eden). This is now well developed and weaponized as a technique for ground irradiation, dehydration, more...

 1988

A Large-Scale Ionospheric Depletion By Intense Radio Wave Heating

...A large (100 km N/S), stable, smoothly-structured and significant depletion (15% in number density) of the daytime Tromsø F-region was produced inadvertently during a Heater polarisation and beam-forming procedure. We show that the depletion coincided with the passage of an atmospheric gravity wave of natural origin which served as a large-scale 'seed' depletion for the self-focussing instability...

Received 24 May 1988; accepted 23 August 1988.

Tesla Earthquake Machine

http://www.intuitor.com/resonance/tesla.php

Reciprocating Engine invention, U.S. Patent No. 514,169, February 6, 1894

http://www.tfcbooks.com/mall/more/381tele.htm

 Ultrasound

acoustic imaging:

http://www.masystems.ru/eng_2_a4.html

  it.dtu.dk/bme/public~1 (more)
 
...The pulsed field from a triangular aperture mounted in an infinite, rigid baffle is calculated. The approach of spatial impulse responses, as developed by Tupholme and Stepanishen, is used. By this both the emitted and received pulsed ultrasound field can be found for any transducer excitation and electro-mechanical impulse response. The
continuous wave field is also readily obtainable through a simple Fourier
transform. The spatial impulse response is calculated without approximation,
and the Context of citations to this paper... 
Cited by: Simulating Arbitrary-Geometry Ultrasound Transducers Using.. - Jensen (1996)
Ultrasound Imaging and Its Modeling - Jensen (2000) 
Active bibliography (related documents)
   A new Calculation Procedure for Spatial Impulse Responses in.. -
Jensen (1999) 
Modeling and Analysis of Ultrasound Propagation in Layered Medium -
Dey (1999)   
Forward Modeling of Ultrasound Propagation in Layered Medium - Dey,
Kanade (1999)  

Ultrasonic Refrigeration:
Benn & Jerrys
This April, a fire-hydrant-size apparatus called a thermoacoustic freezer made its debut at a Ben & Jerry's in Manhattan. The event was a relatively quiet ...

www.thermoacousticscorp.com
http://www.aps.org/units/fed/newsletters/summer2004/asa.html

Thermoacoustics:

www.lanl.gov/thermoacoustics/
www.lanl.gov/thermoacoustics/ehistory.pdf

Interference Patterns

http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/HistTopics/Light_2.html

Hugh Everett Many Worlds

-THE EVERETT FAQ-

...February 1995...

Quantum Dots:

Nature 424, 411-414 (24 July 2003)
Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates

- Macro-Electrical Advanced Imaging-

interferometry, tomography, advanced imaging/surveillance systems
Physical phenomenon Type of tomograph
X-rays CT
gamma rays SPECT
electron-positron annihilation PET
nuclear magnetic resonance MRI
ultrasound ultrasonography
electrons 3D TEM
ions atom probe

...Some recent advances rely on using simultaneously integrated physical phenomena, e.g. X-rays for both CT and angiography, combined CT/MRI and combined CT/PET...

EARTH PENETRATING
TOMOGRQAPHY/OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY

Amplified, frequency swept lasers for frequency domain reflectometry and OCT

imaging: design and scaling principles

...We demonstrate a high-speed, frequency swept, 1300 nm laser source forfrequency domain reflectometry and OCT with Fourier domain/swept-sourcedetection. The laser uses a fiber coupled, semiconductor amplifier and atunable fiber Fabry-Perot filter. We present scaling principles whichpredict the maximum frequency sweep speed and trade offs in output power,noise and instantaneous linewidth performance. The use of an amplificationstage for increasing output power and for spectral shaping is discussed indetail. The laser generates ~45 mW instantaneous peak power at 20 kHz sweeprates with a tuning range of ~120 nm full width. In frequency domainreflectometry and OCT applications the frequency swept laser achieves 108 dBsensitivity and ~10 ?m axial resolution in tissue. We also present a fastalgorithm for real time calibration of the fringe signal to equally spacedsampling in frequency for high speed OCT image preview...

-interferometry, tomography advanced imaging through wall/roof radar, more: New and Future Technology-

http://www.defensereview.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=754

-Optical Time-Domain Eavesdropping-

http://www.google.com/search?q=cache:MNigOgTenR0J:www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/ieee02-optical.pdf

-Remote Sensing-

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_sensing

-Interferometry-

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferometry

cheneirre.org

Endothermic Interferometry, Imaging and ENMOD

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4866346.html 

...A microwave plasma generator for producing an axisymmetric plasma, having a waveguide apparatus, means for introducing a microwave source into the waveguide apparatus, and means for generating a circular axisymmetric microwave field from the microwave source... 

-Tomography-

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomography

-Microwave fields and beams
fields-

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?url=/iel5/6379/17058/00787992.pdf?arnumber=787992

-Beams as DEW (Directe Energy Weaponry)-

http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn1470

science pertaining to electro-gastric weapons of mind control:
electrogastrography

http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A2398845

-Low Frequency Noise-

A product of a damaged mind sometime in the 1960's, it was found that if you pumped low frequency sound at a crowd, in this case unruly college students, you could get all sorts of interesting results. The slightly queasy feeling you get at a parade when the band goes by and the big drum gets hit led to experiments which soon discovered that sound at around 12 Hertz (12 beats per second) would send the human bowels into overdrive...

United States Patent 5,800,481
Loos September 1, 1998

Thermal excitation of sensory resonances

...In man, autonomic and cortical resonances of the nervous system can be excited by inducing subliminal heat pulses in the skin by means of a
resistive heat patch, laser, heat lamp, or microwave radiation, or through a slow air jet that carries a small periodic fluctuation in temperature.
Deeply subliminal skin temperature oscillations of frequency near 1/2 Hz
induced in a subject by any of these means cause sleepiness, drowziness,
relaxation, a tonic smile, ptosis of the eyelids, a tense feeling, sudden
loose stool, or sexual excitement, depending on the precise pulse frequency used...

... For certain higher frequencies, the induced subliminal skin
temperature oscillations cause fractured thought and a slowing of certain cortical processes...There are...application in the form of nonlethal weapons, involving a pulsed infrared laser or a pulsed microwave beam, tuned to a sensory resonance pulse frequency...

-electrogastrography; gastric motility; gastric emptying stomach- 

Detection of gastric slow wave propagation from the cutaneous electrogastrogram 
 
...APPROPRIATE PROPAGATION of gastric contractions or antroduodenal coordination is of great importance to the emptying of the stomach. It is known that gastric motility is regulated by gastric myoelectrical activity that consists of gastric slow waves and spike or second potentials. Spike or second potentials are superimposed on gastric slow waves and are directly associated with gastric contractions. The gastric slow wave determines the propagation and maximum frequency of gastric contractions. It is originated in the proximal part of the stomach and propagates distally toward the pylorus with increasing velocity and amplitude. The normal frequency of the gastric slow wave is 3 cycles/min (cpm) in healthy humans. Abnormalities in the frequency of the gastric slow wave have been reported in a number of clinical settings and have been associated with gastric motor disorders and gastrointestinal symptoms...

http://www.luxefaire.com/devilvision/5chapter5.html 
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« Reply #191 on: January 12, 2011, 06:37:24 AM »

It IS sobering PDFM, yep. I am not that great and math but i have been trying to figure out how big the area affected would be at altitude.

Of course if the beam is in fact a cone which fall 15 degrees each side of "up" then the higher up ya go the bigger the area affected will be.

Anyone know how to calculate the size of the disturbance at say 70 km (start of the ionosohere) up to say 700 km (end of the ionosphere)?

Also, was just checking the atlantic radar for a heads up about what might be heading the UK in the next week, and I found you can do quite alot with the maps on this site:

www.weather.com

this one for instance might be a useful one:
http://www.weather.com/maps/geography/alaskaus/alaskaearthquakereport_large.html?clip=undefined&region=undefined&collection=localwxforecast&presname=undefined



http://www.weather.com/maps/maptype/dopplerradarusnational/alaskaradar2100mile_large.html?clip=undefined&region=undefined&collection=localwxforecast&presname=undefined



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« Reply #192 on: January 12, 2011, 06:55:08 AM »

***here's a link to the entire book, still going through it myself...

http://luxefaire.com/devilvision/tableofcontents.html
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« Reply #193 on: January 12, 2011, 06:57:26 AM »

wow - what is with the pentagrams!!!

Thanks Try, will have a read once I finish working on my corrections later Smiley

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« Reply #194 on: January 12, 2011, 07:07:06 AM »

OK, I found this ;

MEET PERCS!

A target satelittle put in the sky for the sole purpose of "target practice" and neam realignment!

The Precision Expandable Radar Calibration Sphere (PERCS) With Applications for Laser Imaging and Ranging

http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA532032

Paul.Bernhardt@nrl.navy.mil < this dude involved in haarp very deeply. email him any questions!

Back OT

The Naval Research Laboratory will provide an orbiting calibration sphere to be used with ground-based laser
imaging telescopes and HF radio systems. The Precision Expandable Radar Calibration Sphere (PERCS) is a
practical, reliable, high-performance HF calibration sphere and laser imaging target to orbit at about 600 km altitude.
The sphere will be made of a spherical wire frame with aspect independent radar cross section in the 3 to 35 MHz
frequency range. The necessary launch vehicle to place the PERCS in orbit will be provided by the Department of
Defense Space Test Program.

After deployment,
the Precision Expandable Radar Calibration Sphere (PERCS) with 180 vertices will be in a high inclination orbit to
scatter radio pulses from a number of ground systems, including (1) over-the-horizon (OTH) radars operated by the
United States and Australia; (2) high power HF facilities such as HAARP in Alaska, EISCAT in Norway, and
Arecibo in Puerto Rico; (3) the chain of high latitude SuperDARN radars used for auroral region mapping; and (4)
HF direction finding for Navy ships. With the PERCS satellite, the accuracy of HF radars can be periodically
checked for range, elevation, and azimuth errors. In addition, each of the 360 vertices on the PERCS sphere will
support an optical retro-reflector for operations with ground laser facilities used to track satellites. The ground laser
systems will be used to measure the precise location of the sphere within one cm accuracy and will provide the
spatial orientation of the sphere as well as the rotation rate. The Department of Defense facilities that can use the
corner-cube reflectors on the PERCS include (1) the Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS), (2) the Starfire Optical
Range (SOR), and (3) the NRL Optical Test Facility (OTF).

Another application is to scatter HF waves from PERCS for calibration of high power HF facilities (Figure 3). DoD
research in the areas of ionospheric modification, or HF interactions, is currently quite active, including support for
the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) Facility in Alaska and the newly renovated
Arecibo heater in Puerto Rico. The antenna pattern gain for ionospheric modification facilities and the total power
fed to the transmitter determines the effective radiated power (ERP) for the systems. This ERP is dependent on
frequency, ground conductivity, and the physical condition of the HF transmitting array. With PERCS, periodic
checks may be made for the absolute radiation efficiency of facilities like HAARP in Alaska, the Arecibo heater in
Puerto Rico, and the EISCAT heater in Norway.

The PERCS satellite is large enough to provide a strong reflected signal for both HF direction finding and PERCS
scatter communications. When an HF wave from a ground transmitter reflects from the PERCS, it can be received
at another location on the ground (Figure 6). A new communications mode can be studied with this scatter. In
addition, a known angle of arrival at HF frequencies is provided to the ground receiver.

Please go take a look at the paper - its a pdf I cant figure out how to rip the pictures from it!

http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA532032
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« Reply #195 on: January 12, 2011, 07:26:25 AM »

:S-

Excellent find! This confirms many things but EVERYBODY backtrack on pg 5 reply 174 to learn more into the PERCS program, lots of pics and info.

Thank you.

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« Reply #196 on: January 12, 2011, 07:36:28 AM »

Alot of info there TRY!

They can aim at such a small thing ! Unless they have ALOT of them, aim at one, it would seperate out the beam and hit others until the earths ionosphere is covered in some kind of grid all reflecting the haarp beam.

AND if they turned on ALL of the heaters in the world at once, what then?

That is why i am trying to find out the surface area affected by the beam, because with all these heaters combined, if they were to be on all at once, that would be a significant portion of our ionosphere , and what effect would that have?
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« Reply #197 on: January 12, 2011, 08:56:43 AM »

More .mil expenses docs:

this one covers up tp this year:

http://www.darpa.mil/Docs/FY2011PresBudget28Jan10%20Final.pdf

B. Accomplishments/Planned Program ($ in Millions)

Atomic Scale Materials and Devices
(U) This thrust examines the fundamental physics of materials at the atomic scale in order to develop
new devices and capabilities.
A major emphasis of this thrust is to provide the theoretical and experimental underpinnings of a new class of semiconductor electronics based on spin degree of freedom of the electron, in addition to (or in place of) the charge. A new all optical switch capability will also be investigated.
It includes a new, non-invasive method to directly hyperpolarize biological tissues, leading to novel quantitative neurodiagnostics. Research on the basic physics and scaling of ionospheric processes utilizing the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) transmitter will also be explored. New materials and prototype devices will be developed to demonstrate a new class of optoelectronics that operate with ultra-low energy dissipation (~100 atom-
Jules (aJ)/operation).
FY 2009 Accomplishments:
- Constructed rotationally sensitive chip-based atom interferometer with sensitivity greater than one
radian per earth rotation rate
FY2009 (Millions) 13.980
FY2010              14.150
FY2011 base       21.888
FY2011 OCO        0.000
FY2011 total       21.888
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« Reply #198 on: January 13, 2011, 10:00:54 AM »

HAARP: 2009 Accomplishments, 2010 & 2011 Planned Experiments Include Triggering Ionospheric Instabilities

2010 OCTOBER 12


...Current investment in manufacturing innovation at DARPA totals approximately $200 million per year, or $1 billion over the next 5 years. They are synthesizing and integrating these efforts so as to contribute alternative design and production methods for next-generation systems. DARPA seeks to create breakthroughs in manufacturing that enable new innovations much like the breakthrough of the Internet enabled massive innovations in the communication and IT industries...

...The HAARP project and its plans and past experiments  are found in the section called: Atomic Scale Materials and Devices. Those details are presented below...

...This thrust examines the fundamental physics of materials at the atomic scale in order to develop new devices and capabilities. A major emphasis of this thrust is to provide the theoretical and experimental underpinnings of a new class of semiconductor electronics based on spin degree of freedom of the electron, in addition to (or in place of) the charge. A new all optical switch capability will also be investigated. It includes a new, non-invasive method to directly hyperpolarize biological tissues, leading to novel quantitative neurodiagnostics...

!!!FY 2009 Accomplishments:

- Constructed rotationally sensitive chip-based atom interferometer with sensitivity greater than one radian per earth rotation rate.
Emulated two-dimensional (2-D) Bose-Hubbard Model phase diagram in less than twelve hours that confirmed theoretical calculations.
- Installed flat-top beam profile system in experimental chamber; verified production of homogeneous optical lattice potential.
- Developed theoretical techniques to extract relevant model-independent thermodynamic quantities from ensemble absorption images.
- Demonstrated approximately 100 nm positioning accuracy of quantum dots.
- Demonstrated important scalability criterion of microfluidic approach to controlled placement of quantum dots: sequentially built up 3×3 and 5×5 matrices of quantum dots by controlled placement and subsequent immobilization.
- Demonstrated non-local modulation of bi-photon wavefunction and demonstrated single photon nonlinear switch.

!!!FY 2010 Plans:

- Develop cooling and precision thermometry techniques for fermionic atoms in optical lattice.
- Develop quantum gas microscope with sufficient resolution to image individual atomic sites in 2-D
optical lattice; verify by imaging atomic gas trapped in lattice.
- Emulate XXZ quantum spin model using ion crystal array in less than twelve hours that confirms theoretical calculations.
- Develop the materials fabrication techniques for switchable/storable, interfacial metal-insulator transitions to enable extremely low-power transistors for memory and logic.
- Develop initial circuit architectures (e.g., logic gates with memory) employing these new transistors for use in new computer architectures.
- Demonstrate initial Zeno-based switch using slot waveguides coated or filled with organic nonlinear absorptive materials.
- Create a photonic crystal zeno mirror and waveguide with cavity Q > 1000, and loss < 0.1 dB.
- Generate and focus X-rays with specific states of orbital angular momentum.
- Initiate a series of experimental campaigns to study ionospheric and trans-ionospheric phenomena, including: optimization of high frequency to very low frequency conversion efficiency, wave-particle interaction, generation and propagation of ultra low frequencies, very low frequencies and artificial ducts, triggering and characterization of specific ionospheric instabilities.

!!!FY 2011 Base Plans:

- Demonstrate functional transistors using interfacial metal-insulator transitions and understand their potential for large-scale integrated circuits.
- Demonstrate the validity of the initial oxide transistor circuit architectures using computer simulations
and/or semiconductor surrogates to approximate the function of these transistors.
- Develop a simulator to test the new computer architecture and create tools for configuring and programming machines using the new architecture.
- Demonstrate production of antiferromagnetically ordered states in 2-D and 3-D optical lattices.
- Study and characterize supersolid behavior in spinor bose condensates.
- Produce phase diagram of frustrated 2-D antiferromagnet in less than twelve hours.
- Produce phase diagram of 2-D Fermi-Hubbard model at near half-filling; determine presence or absence of superconducting phase.
- Demonstrate all-optical switch (or equivalent device) based on optically-induced absorption.
- Demonstrate total energy dissipation for an optical switch (or equivalent device) of less than 1
femtojoules per operation, and signal loss of less than 0.1 dB, excluding waveguide losses before and after device.
- Demonstrate hyperpolarization of biologically relevant liquids, using photons with orbital angular momentum and measure the hydrogen and carbon-13 polarization.
- Obtain hydrogen and carbon-13 spectra from biologically relevant liquid sample using quantum orbital resonance spectroscopy.
- Develop prediction of behavior and theoretical models that explore the consequences of controlled power injection, including triggering and amplification phenomena, based on optimal conditions quantitatively determined via measurements gathered in FY 2010.

http://wemustknow.net/2010/10/haarp-2009-accomplishments-2010-2011-planned-experiments-include-triggering-ionospheric-instabilities/

***much much more to come...
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« Reply #199 on: January 13, 2011, 10:30:40 AM »

Eiscat 2011updates

http://www.eiscat.se/groups/Documentation/Council/Council_75th_Meeting_Short_Report_doc2010-11-19.pdf

***lots to be aware of here...
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