What a coincidence. Only 4 years until the 100 year anniversary!
First the history... this is a report from a meeting held in Massachusetts in 1914... you will read this and recognize that the Eugenicists' agenda is still alive and well. Think about it. This is a blueprint for everything that has happened in the past 96 years. You see it continues today - these are some dedicated psychopaths.
This organization was founded by the Harriman, Rockefeller, and Carnegie Families.
Eugenics Record Office.
BULLETIN No. 10A:
Report of the Committee to Study
and to Report on the Best Practical Means of
Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm
in the American Population.
I. THE SCOPE OF THE COMMITTEE'S WORK, by HARRY H. LAUGHLIN,
Secretary of the Committee,
Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island, New York, February, 1914.
This document has been scanned and prepared for publication in Adobe Acrobat format by the staff of the National Information Resource on Ethics and Human Genetics. The digitization was performed with funding from Georgetown University's subgrant through National Human Genome Research Institute's Centers of Excellence in ELSI Research (CEER) award to Duke University under grant number 06-SC-NIH-1027, Robert Cook-Deegan, Principal Investigator.
National Information Resource on Ethics and Human Genetic
The Joseph and Rose Kennedy Institute of Ethics
Georgetown University
Washington, DC 20057-1212
202-687-3885, 888-GEN-ETHX, FAX: 202-687-6770
http://bioethics.georgetown.edu/nirehg/The investigation reported in this series of studies was initiated at the second meeting of the Research Committees of the Eugenics Section of the American Breeders Association at Palmer, Mass., May 2 and 3, 1911, Dr. W. N. Bullard presiding. At this meeting the following resolution was unanimously adopted:
Resolved, That the Chair appoint a committee commissioned to study and report on the best practical means for cutting off the defective germ-plasm in the American population.Whereupon Dr. Bullard, after consultation, named the following members: Dr. W. H. Mitchell, Hathorne, Mass., Chairman; Bleecker Van Wagenen, Alstead Center, N. H.; Dr. Everett Flood, Palmer, Mass.; Dr. W. H. Carmalt, New Haven, Conn.; H. H. Laughlin, Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island. Later in the day the Chairman, Dr. Mitchell, designated Mr. Laughlin Secretary.
On July 15, 1911, the committee met with Mr. Van Wagenen at the City Club, 55 West 44th Street, New York City. Dr. Mitchell, on account of other engaging duties, resigned the chairmanship of the committee; whereupon, on motion of Dr. Carmalt, Mr. Van Wagenen was unanimously chosen Chairman. The committee met from time to time under the leadership of Mr. Van Wagenen, and outlined the investigation. It was decided to make the study as comprehensive and as thorough as possible, and to this end the aid of an expert advisory committee was deemed essential.
The following named experts were duly invited and accepted membership on the committee as indicated: Medicine, L. F. Barker; physiology, W. B. Cannon; surgery,
Alexis Carrel; biology, Herbert J. Webber; thremmatology, Raymond Pearl; anthropology, Alex. F. Chamberlain; psychiatry, Stewart Paton; psychology, H. H. Goddard; woman’s viewpoint, Mrs. Caroline B. Alexander; criminology, Warren W. Foster; sociology, Franklin H. Giddings; economics, James A. Field; statistics, O. P. Austin; immigration, R. DeC. Ward; law, James M. Beck and Louis Marshall; history, James J. Walsh; public affairs, Irving Fisher; international
cooperation, E. E. Southard.
The work of gathering and analyzing data began in the summer of 1911, and the Chairman, Mr. Van Wagenen, presented before the First International Eugenics Congress, which met in London, July 24 to 30, 1912, a preliminary report of the investigation.
It is the purpose of the committee to investigate all phases of
the problem of cutting off the supply of defectives, and to publish from time to time data which will, we trust, aid the student of social affairs in weighing any particular phase of the problem that may present itself.
The committee will therefore study the facts in reference to the numbers of and the rate and manner of increase of the socially inadequate. It will strive to analyze the factors of heredity and environment in the production of the social unfitness observed. It will report first-hand facts concerning the drag that these classes entail upon the general welfare, and will review the first-hand studies in human heredity that have been made by careful study of the problem. And finally the committee will point out what appears as a result of study to be “the best practical means,” so far as the innate traits are a factor, of purging the blood of the American people of the handicapping and deteriorating influences of these anti-social classes.
The first series of studies will be devoted to a study of sterilization as a eugenical agency. THE FIELD OF STUDY The specific problems, then, now before this committee may be classified as follows:
1. Medicine: Standards and methods for determining the type of degenerates proposed for eugenical segregation or sterilization. The relation of sterilization to the spread of venereal diseases. Sterilization as a therapeutic agent. The classification and determination of human defects.
2. Physiology: Comparative effects of the various forms of sterilization on normal and the different types of abnormal individuals, both male and female, at different ages, in respect to nutrition, growth, temperament, primary sex organs, secondary sexual characteristics, voice and physiological reactions.
3. Surgery: Technical and popular description of the various methods employed in sterilizing both males and females. Seriousness and difficulty of the operations. Preparation and convalescence. Possibility of restoring the procreatory function in sterilized persons.
4. Biology: The origin of defective strains within the human population. Processes of contaminating normal strains with defective traits. The inheritance of defective traits and the manner of their combination into various legal types of the socially unfit. The comparative influence of modern and ancient social conditions on the selective elimination of defectives. The probable outcome of the present tendencies if unchecked.
5. Thremmatology: Efficacy of sterilization of hereditary degenerates to raise the average of the race. Comparison between the essential principles of eugenics and of plant and animal breeding, application of these principles in consonance with the highest social and moral ideals. Criteria for the identification of persons possessing defective germ-plasms. The consideration of persons of mixed worth and defect. Relative thremmatological effect of sterilizing all persons with defective germ-plasms, and of sterilizing only degenerates. Measure of the relative thremmatological value of sterilization on different scales and at different rates.
6. Anthropology: History of sterilization and asexualization among ancient and modern nations and tribes. Motives, voluntary factors, etc. Effect upon tribal and national growth.
7. Psychiatry: Classification of the various types of the insane with especial reference to the hereditary factor. Standards and tests for diagnosis.
8. Psychology: Standards and tests for determining the types of mental degenerates and defectives proposed for sterilization. Effects of the various forms of sterilization on both males and females in mental processes, industry, habits of life, and sex instincts.
9. Morals and Ethics: Eugenics and democracy. The attitude of the various churches toward the proposal to sterilize persons known to possess defective germ-plasms. The ethical, moral, and ontological aspects of sterilization. Eugenical limitations of marriages by the ministry.
10. Woman’s Viewpoint: Relative responsibilities and burdens of men and women within the socially unfit classes in rearing children. Sterilization as a punitive, humane, and eugenic measure; and as an agency for social prophylaxis. Woman’s view of the rights of parentage of individuals liable to beget socially unfit offspring or who are unable to provide the environment necessary to the normal development of offspring. The attitude of society toward such individuals.
11. Criminology: Role of heredity in crime. Standards and tests for determining the criminal types proposed to sterilize. What constitutes a confirmed criminal? Consideration of the justice of the operation in the case of redeemable delinquents.
12. Sociology: Relative rights and duties of the race and the individual whom society proposes to sterilize. Part the sterilized individual takes in the social fabric and the attitude of society toward such individuals. Estimate of the relative proportion of the socially unfit committed to institutional care to those living in the population at large. Method of reaching defective and potential parents of defectives not in institutions. Relation of sterilized individuals to the social
evil, and the spread of venereal diseases. Estimate of the present social handicap of defectives on the American and other peoples. Relative roles of heredity and environment in producing defectives. Relative rights of control of society and the individual over germ-plasm.
Presentation of special problems connected with the
elimination of each of the several following classes of the socially unfit: (a) the feeble-minded class,
(b) the pauper class,
(c) the inebriate class,
(d) the criminalistic class,
(e) the epileptic class,
(f) the insane class,
(g) the asthenic or physically weak class,
(h) those predisposed to specific diseases or the diathetic class,
(i) the physically deformed,
(j) those with defective sense organs, or the cacćsthetic class.
13. Political Economy: Measure of the economic handicap of the presence of defectives. Their relation to national, industrial, military, and intellectual efficiency and to national perpetuity. Relation of sterilization on different scales to future population, and to the relative extent of the defective classes. Relation of sterilization to immigration.
14. Statistics: Data relative to the past, present and probable future cost of maintaining defectives; their number and classification; their rate of increase—absolutely, and compared to the rate of increase of the better strains. The age of persons committed to State custody.
Rate of commitment. Length of commitment.
15. Law: Examination of existing sterilization laws with the view to determining whether the constitutional personal guarantees are sufficiently safeguarded. Do the committees and commissions authorized to enforce the several sterilization laws constitute special courts? Can the decisions of such commissions and committees reverse or modify court decrees? Is sterilization in any of the laws held a punitive remedy? If so, can it be considered as a second punishment
for one offense, or as cruel or unusual punishment? Is the State taking any retaliatory measures toward a certain class of offenders in authorizing the operation? Can the sterilization of degenerates, or especially of criminals, be legitimately effected through the exercise of police
functions? Flexibility of the common law in adapting itself to new social problems. Legal aspect of sterilization in states practicing it without the express authorization of the law. Do existing laws permit any other surgical operation than sterilization? If so, legal bearing?
Do existing laws authorize sterilization as a punitive, a reformatory, a therapeutic, or a eugenic measure? Sterilization and inheritance of property. Framing a model law permitting the sterilization of persons known to have defective germ-plasms, establishing criterion therefore,
and providing for effective execution. Digest of litigation bearing upon or growing out of the operation. Examination of those laws on commitment to state institutions.
16. History: Account of the origin, development and relative numbers of the socially unfit within the great nations of history. Attitude of society toward this class. War and defectives. Elimination of the best blood in relation to national decline. Genius and national greatness.
17. Public Affairs: Sterilization in relation to the general welfare. The conservation policy and sterilization. Political expediency of the proposed remedy. Weighing and balancing of the facts and arguments presented by the consideration of the several aspects of the problems with the view to practical application.
18. International Co-operation: A review of the studies looking toward the possible application of the sterilization of defectives in foreign countries, together with records of any such operations from eugenical motives; foreign laws, customs and attitudes in reference to eugenical sterilization. The extent and nature of the problem of the socially inadequate in foreign countries.
To complete this series of studies is a huge task, and the committee will be satisfied if it can present under each of the given headings a few of the many pertinent facts for consideration by the public.
From the beginning of these studies the committee has, at frequent intervals, had the advantage of consultation with Dr. Charles B. Davenport, the resident director of the Eugenics Record Office, and to him for his many valuable suggestions the committee is greatly indebted.
HARRY H. LAUGHLIN, Secretary,
Cold Spring Harbor, Long Island.
December 1, 1913.
CHAPTER I. THE PROBLEM. Human progress demands sincere and purposeful social endeavor in all fields promising social or racial betterment. As society becomes more complex and scientific discovery moves apace, the field of profitable social endeavor widens rapidly; but it is still clear that no one agency alone can effect a regeneration of humanity. In order to move forward, humanity and civilization will always require the best efforts of education, religion, philanthropy, agriculture, commerce, industry, social justice, law and order, medicine, technology, and pure science; no one of these can carry the whole burden of progress, although the decay of any one of them would cause a general deterioration to set in.
Organization in society exists for the purpose of correlating and directing along profitable lines all of these agencies. Eugenics, which Davenport defines as “the improvement of the human race by better breeding,” is one of these agencies of social betterment, which in its practical application would greatly promote human welfare, but which if neglected would cause racial, and consequently social, degeneration.
Eugenics, then, is the warp in the fabric of national efficiency and perpetuity. As an art it is as old as mankind; as a science it is just now taking definite form. Whenever the principles governing an art are definitely determined and made to guide humanity, progress in the particular field so affected is rapid.
Modern family history studies have amply demonstrated that heredity plays an important part in social adequacy; and the studies of this committee are tentatively based upon this fact. Since this is true, it then behooves society, in the interests of social and racial progress, to devise means for promoting fit and fertile matings among the better classes, and to prevent the reproduction of defectives.
Since heredity is the fundamental factor of racial fortune, and is therefore the primary agency in the application of eugenical principles, it is thought proper in these studies to present a brief outline of the basic phenomena of natural inheritance.
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**UNCOVERED: Cutting Off the Defective Germ-Plasm in the American Population
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