(copy from "General" to keep this info with the thread)...
Here are excerpts from Jurgen Altmann's paper on Non-Lethal Weapons (NLWs). He reviews four types:
1.
Active Denial System (ADS) (e.g., microwave people as above)
2.
Advanced Tactical LaserA notional scenario of such uses is the following, which seems to have been developed by
Boeing in interaction with the JNLWD.107 The targets are depicted in an artist’s concept:108
On the left side of a curved, narrow road in a valley there is a military column consisting of
about 7 armoured vehicles, 5 trucks and 1 missile-launch vehicle, about 100 m long. On
the opposite side, just beyond the road margin, there is a group of 30-40 refugees,
accompanied by armed guards; the former are to be saved from oppression. The C-130
transport aircraft with the ATL is shown in an inset.
To assess the situation, the ATL pops up from behind a mountain ridge, takes a picture
from 7 km distance and goes below again. Then about 100 aim points are selected and
assigned. The aircraft rises again to get an unobstructed line of sight and attacks these
targets during two periods of radiating, one 14 seconds long, the other 26 seconds.109 The
mirror is steered rapidly from one target to the next, necessarily under computer control.
The breakdown of aimpoints includes 32 tyres, 11 antennas, 4 mortars, 4 interior seats and
22 armed soldiers,
the refugee group on the other side of the road between is spared. The
closest aimpoint is maybe 8 m from the refugees, beams directed toward targets behind
the group pass maybe 1 m above their heads. (wanna bet? - see Drone attacks in Pakistan)3. Pulsed Energy ProjectileThe concept of the Pulsed Energy Projectile (PEP) is to use short, powerful laser pulses to
provide a mechanical impulse to the target subject or object. The mechanism is the
following: when a high-intensity light pulse impinges on matter, the uppermost layer is
heated so fast that it vaporises explosively, producing recoil. The vapour is heated further,
producing a plasma in the air where nearly all laser energy of the later part of the pulse is
absorbed. If the heating is strong enough, a shock wave, the so-called laser-supported
detonation wave, forms which exerts a pressure pulse on the target. The force pulse
produced in this way is to act similarly to an impact round, but at a much larger distance.123
...
For the range of the PEP, 0.5 and 2 km have been given.134 Lethal or non-lethal use would
be for
area denial, crowd control, facility protection, operations other than war, military
operations on urban terrain or law enforcement.135
4. Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD)(Sound cannons - As seen in NYC during the republican convention....)For government uses, the manufacturer mentions the following applications:167
– border security,
– crowd control for public safety agencies,
– long range communication for public safety agencies,
– search and rescue for harbour/port police,
– coastal surveillance for harbour/port police.
These are the military missions given:168
– enforcement of exclusion zones,
– critical infrastructure protection,
– psychological operations,
– traffic control points/access control points,
– interdiction operations,
– checkpoint operations,
– detainee operations.
Apparently LRAD has been used for several of these purposes in occupied Iraq. One
problematic application was to draw out enemy snipers who were then destroyed by US
snipers.169
One incident has gotten wide publicity: In November 2005, pirates in a small boat attacked
a cruise liner 160 km off the Somali coast with rocket grenades and rifle fire. They were
successfully driven back by an LRAD on board the ship.170
The New York Police Department had deployed two LRADs during the protests at the
Republican Convention in August 2004, but did not use them because the protesters to be
addressed were at close range.171 The price was $35,000 per copy.172All of Jergens horrifying details about these weapons and the damage they can do to people are in this PDF file:
http://www.bundesstiftung-friedensforschung.de/pdf-docs/berichtaltmann2.pdf[/quote]